Wishful Thinking?

My wife and I recently attended our fiftieth college class reunion at the University of California Santa Barbara. Alums joined reunions of the physics department, the school paper, El Gaucho, forums on student activism in the 60s, fraternity and sorority gatherings, and student government types, reliving what was important to them in their youth during the tumultuous late 1960s.

            I attended my class reunion gatherings and talked to some people I had only tangential connections with during my school years. OK, it was interesting, but for me, the annual football alumni reunion, held at the same time, was what really resonated. These old guys were my teammates, some older whom I looked up to as a rookie footballer playing for the Gauchos. The memories and relationships developed while being a member of a college football team far outweighed fraternity parties, lectures in the five-hundred-seat Campbell Hall, or times spent late at night in the library trying to stay awake prepping for final exams or being distracted by so many lovely coeds cramming at nearby tables.

            If you ask any former college football player what were the highlighted experiences that stick in their memories of their college years, I will bet you that they will bring up their time on the football field, both in practices and games. Not only that, but they’ll be stories about the various personalities associated with the team, players, coaches, trainers, and even locker room attendants.

            I wanted to play football from an early age because my father told me stories of his time as a football player, both in high school and at Vanderbilt, where his line coach was an all-American and a cousin. I wanted to have the same experiences as my father, so I joined the JV football team in ninth grade. Four years later, I entered UCSB as a freshman and played frosh football under Dave Gorrie, the head baseball coach and a storied athlete for the Gauchos in his day in both sports.

            I was never a starter and spent most of my time scrimmaging against the first-string players, but I was able to make the varsity team my last three years of college. My only claim to fame and the way I was able to letter was as a long snap specialist. I could usually get the ball back to Dave Chapple, our all-American punter/place kicker, in an accurate and rapid manner, so I got to play whenever it was fourth and long, we scored, and it was time for a PAT, or when Dave attempted a field goal, which he usually made.

            Of the three players drafted in the pros from our team my senior year, Dave Chapple was the only one to have a successful pro career, playing for a decade, setting long-standing records as a punter, and making the Pro Bowl. Today he is a successful nature artist.

            My time as a player led to a desire to coach football after graduation, also true of a fair number of other former Gaucho players. I earned my teaching credential and enjoyed years of coaching high school and community college footballers, mostly for the US schools next to the Panama Canal. Fall was always the most exciting time of the year because it was football season. My experience as a member of a college team certainly helped when I took up my coaching duties.

            Now I’m retired, long out of coaching, and barely keep up with what football is available on my TV. Why am I now so interested in the extinct football programs in the state? I think it is because the program I so enjoyed as a student was canceled three years after I graduated. If I wanted to follow my school’s team, I could not. Football was brought back as a club team in the 1980s largely because of the efforts of two students and a couple of alums who missed football at their college. The two alums, Stoney and Puailoa, both local high school coaches and former football stars at UCSB, got some of us to donate small sums to get the club program off the ground. I did my student coaching under these two coaches at a local high school near my university. I sent twenty-five dollars, which for me, with a large family to support on a teaching salary, was what I thought was reasonable. The program was revived, and after a couple of failed attempts, the students voted to fund a Division III non-scholarship program coached by Mike Warren (Mike, our captain, frat brother, and rugby player, recently passed away.), a former teammate. Eventually, the football team, without providing scholarships, was doing so well it moved up to NCAA Division II. Then disaster struck for a second time.

            Like the first time football was dropped by the university in 1972, NCAA rules required that if all the other sports programs were Division I, then football must also be Division I, which means lots of scholarships and more expense, not only to fund a very expensive football program but to match the funding for additional women’s programs mandated by Title IX. A vote was held by the students to raise fees, and, as in the seventies, it failed, and football was canceled for a second time.

            So here I am going to football reunions with guys in their seventies, reliving the glory days, but not able to be a fan of a current Gaucho football team. I could follow their baseball or basketball, but it just isn’t the same. I got to thinking, what if all the expense and rules of NCAA programs and Title IX parity with women’s sports could be avoided. How could this be done? UCSB and other universities in California have viable club sports teams that are not under NCAA, Title IX, or NAIA rules. They are largely student-run and student-funded, yet some of the programs are the equivalent of varsity sports that are NCAA in other universities.

            I played on the Gaucho rugby club as a student and loved the experience. We had a volunteer coach who was also a player. Rod Sears, who had played his football under our coach at Stanford, was our quarterback coach during football season and our rugby coach during rugby season. We players lined the fields ourselves for home matches and drove our own cars to away matches. Very little money was involved on the part of the university. It was glorious fun. Today UCSB is still playing big-time university rugby as a club team and a few years back played in the national finals, losing to Davenport in the championship match at Stanford in 2011. Still, a fall without a UCSB football schedule is sad to me.

            I dabbled a few times with lacrosse club practices that some guys from back East started up when I was in graduate school during my first year of marriage. I even got to play in one match against UCLA, but just for a couple of minutes, as I had quit going to practices to focus on work and student teaching. Now lacrosse has become a very popular sport in California, where it once was exclusively an East Coast sport. Most universities in California that play lacrosse do so as clubs and not as NCAA or NAIA varsity programs. The club conferences are equivalent to programs at the NCAA level in other parts of the nation.

Crew is a long-standing club sport at my university and also across the nation, providing opportunities for college athletes to compete at high levels, though without scholarships or NCAA sanctioning. In each of these major sports, there are national associations that recognize national rankings and even all-American status. UCSB plays rugby in division IA of the California Conference. The Gauchos compete in lacrosse in the West Coast Lacrosse League of the Men’s Collegiate Lacrosse Association. Their website indicates it provides “virtual varsity” lacrosse for schools without varsity-sanctioned programs. The crew team competes in the American Collegiate Rowing Association against other club teams not part of the NCAA.

            Back East, there is a viable club football association with twenty-six college football programs that compete as student-run football clubs. It’s called the National Club Football Association and is divided into four geographic conferences. Wikipedia lists thirty-seven collegiate club football teams, all in the East. A few are at universities that field major varsity programs, as well. Why couldn’t UCSB add football to its club programs?

            It seems unlikely that my college will ever again have a major varsity program in football. It is too expensive. There is no university funding. Starting an NCAA-recognized program in football would require at least 65 scholarships which would have to be matched with new women’s programs. Students are unlikely to pick up the tab by voting for higher fees just so they can watch the local team struggle to compete against established programs. They failed to do so twice before.

            So why not give former high school and community college players attending the university who still have it in them to want to play their favorite sport a chance to play in a less expensive student-run club program with no scholarships, just as those teams in the East are doing?

Here’s the rub. If UCSB were to start up a club team, there would be nobody to play. There are no college club football teams in California, and traveling thousands of miles to play teams out of state makes it impossible to fund such a club team. For my school to have any chance at returning to football, it would have to have other nearby club teams to play.

This got me thinking. I researched how many former football programs were canceled, some were teams I played against in my day, and thought that if just a few were to start viable club teams, it would make it worthwhile for my college to do the same. I figure it would take at least four schools to start programs to make a semi-interesting season of competition.

Schools such as Santa Clara, Long Beach, and Fullerton have had nascent movements for a return to football, as has UCSB, but expenses always get in the way, as well as unrealistic ideas of joining the big time. A club system, if it got started in conjunction with other schools, might allow for those who enjoy the game for its own sake to continue playing in their home state while pursuing their educations.   

            Club football would not have the status of big-time football. It would have to overcome resistance from students who only see big-time competition as something worthwhile to support. There would be issues with the various recreation departments over practice facilities, equipment, insurance, and so forth, but if schools can do it in the East, why not in a California that once supported twenty-six programs that are now gone for various reasons?

            Just as club rugby, lacrosse, crew, sailing, ultimate frisbee, and a variety of other sports have taken off outside the athletic departments and NCAA establishment, why not club football?

            I have dreams of someday seeing my school fielding a team and playing against other former rivals, just as we did so many decades ago, and doing it just as we did on our university’s fledgling rugby club, crew, and later the lacrosse club.

            This is how I got thinking about the history of former football programs and became curious about why they were canceled and what their past glories might have been. I can imagine scores of football alumni teaming up with interested students to promote a conference in our state made up of viable club teams. I even imagined schedules based on geography to reduce travel time and expense.

            A pipe dream, I know. But why not write about it and perhaps stimulate enough interest to see that future high school and junior college players have the same opportunities that my contemporaries and I had years ago to play the sport we enjoyed so much in our home state during our college years?

Fourth and Twenty-five: The Sad Demise of More than Half of California’s Collegiate Football Programs. Can They be Resurrected?

            On the tenth of November of 2018, Interim Head Coach Damaro Wheeler led his squad of Lumberjack football players onto Simon Frazier University’s Terry Fox Field. The Humboldt State players most likely passed the statue of the Canadian university’s most famous alumnus, Terry Fox, a former JV basketball player for the SFU Clan. Their mascot is a Scottish terrier named McFogg the Dog.

            Wheeler may have wondered why a former JV basketball player is remembered by having a stadium named after him and his image shown in a life-size bronze statue in running form placed at the entrance. If anyone thought to ask, they would have learned Fox became famous after having his leg amputated due to cancer. He continued to compete in wheelchair athletics and learned to run distance with his prosthetic leg, depicted in the statue. He is most famous for his attempt to raise money for cancer research by running the length of Canada from the Atlantic Coast to the Pacific. He raised a significant amount of money, his difficult journey was followed by the media, and crowds of thousands cheered him on, admiring his fortitude. He failed in his attempt to complete the task, dying of his cancer. 

            Wheeler might have thought Humboldt State needed a person with the fortitude of Fox to raise money for his football program in Arcata. It too was dying after Herculean attempts by the local community to raise funds to keep the ninety-year-old program going. Wheeler’s team was playing in its last football game.
Wheeler made a little bit of history himself. He became the first African-American head football coach for Humboldt State. The previous spring, Cory White was designated the prior interim head coach after Humboldt State’s most successful coach, Rob Smith, resigned during an acrimonious dispute with the university’s administration. White, who had been the offensive line coach and a Lumberjack football alumnus, left after accepting a job back at the University of San Diego where he’d worked a couple of years before. He must have considered his options and chose a secure job over one with doubtful longevity. 

            Wheeler was given the task of keeping the program going one more season. He had been the defensive back coach the previous season, and before that worked with a number of programs from Mission Bay High School in his hometown of San Diego, to UC Davis, Central Washington, Southern Oregon, and most recently the nearby Redwoods Junior College. Soon he’d be looking for another job. Now Wheeler was finishing his first season as a head coach navigating a team on the verge of extinction. 

            The team picture I found online showed nearly eighty players, though not all flew to Vancouver and bussed north the twelve miles to Bunaby Mountain, British Columbia for the game. The team bios indicated the players came almost exclusively from California cities and towns from San Diego all the way to Arcata. They were representative of the ethnic diversity of the state.

            It had not been a great season. The only win so far had been a close 23-16 win against this same Canadian team back in Arcata at HSU’s home field, the Redwood Bowl. Simon Frazier is the only Canadian university that competes with U.S. collegiate teams in the NCAA, and they played American style football rather than by Canadian rules. They had only one win in 2018, crushing Willamette, a DIII school, and no wins in the DII Great Northwest Athletic Conference. Humboldt State, the farthest north of the California State Universities, joined Azusa Pacific University, an associate member of the GNAC, as the only two remaining Division II football programs left in the state. The rest of the GNAC teams were in Washington or Oregon with the exception of this one lone British Columbian squad. 

            The previous week the Lumberjacks lost for the second time to Azusa Pacific’s Cougars in HSU’s last home game in the Redwood Bowl. Wheeler may have had mixed feelings about those loses. He played his collegiate football for the Cougars fifteen years before. The game went into overtime after starting quarterback, Joey Sweeney (not a relative that I am aware of), long haired, bearded, six three, 225-pound junior kinesiology major from the Central California town of Oakley on the San Joaquin River, suffered from an injury. In his team picture he doesn’t look happy. Could he have been sad that there would be no football for him to play his senior year? Redshirt freshman Andrew Tingstad, a tall, thin backup quarterback from Washington, took over for Sweeney, only to also be injured and replaced by third string senior QB, Brenden Davis. Davis was from Newman, California, a small central valley town in Stanislaus County near Modesto. He played previously at Clarion University in Pennsylvania and for Cabrillo College near Santa Cruz. 

             Davis led the team from late in the third quarter. A thirty-seven-yard field goal by Jose Morales led to a seventeen-seventeen tie at the end of the fourth quarter resulting in an overtime period. An intentional grounding penalty and a missed thirty- seven-yard field goal attempt by Morales enabled the Cougars to pull off a drive into Lumberjack territory and finish the game with a field goal and a 20-17 win; a sad, but exciting finish for the last home game for the HSU team fans.
The following week the Lumberjacks ran onto Terry Fox Field on a cool forty-nine-degree afternoon. The green field was surrounded by trees, the fall having left them bare. Modern college buildings loomed behind the stadium. Just 648 fans sat on the temporary stands or on the grassy hill overlooking the field. Most of the Lumberjack games played at home usually had between four and five thousand fans attending the games, nearly filling the 6,000 capacity stands, except for the poorly attended second Central Washington game. CWU had crushed the Lumberjacks in the previous away game.The kickoff began at one. Davis took the first HSU snap from center, his first start as a QB for HSU. 

             The Lumberjacks scored first after Davis led the team on a sixty-yard drive into Clan territory. Jose Morales, a six-four, 240-pound senior from Lompoc, who looks more like a defensive tackle than a kicking specialist, lined up to kick a thirty-eight yard field goal. His online team picture shows a smiling face with a goatee. He was a senior and a grad of Alan Hancock College in Santa Maria with lots of previous football success, so perhaps playing in his last season didn’t have the same sting as it did for the injured junior quarterback, Sweeney.

             The second quarter didn’t go so well for the Lumberjacks. The Clan scored on an intercepted pass runback and a field goal, ending the half ahead at 10-3. The Lumberjacks roared back after the halftime intermission, putting a limping Sweeney back under center, to score on a nineteen-yard pass to Colby Stevens, a junior wideout receiver from Camarillo, set up by a fumble forced by junior linebacker, Isiah Sires-Wils of Willow Glen High School in San Jose. Sires-Wils’s team photo shows a frowning young man, perhaps also contemplating his senior year without football. This score followed by a thirty-nine-yard field goal by Morales put the Lumberjacks ahead thirteen to ten. The Clan came back on a seventy-nine-yard drive to go ahead sixteen to thirteen after a failed extra point attempt. A forty-yard field goal by Morales tied up the game at sixteen each.

             In the fourth quarter the injured Sweeney led the Lumberjacks on their own seventy-nine-yard drive ending in a five yard score by senior running back, Tyree Marzetta of Hunter’s Point, San Francisco. Hunter’s Point is famous as a former naval shipyard, current location of public housing, and fears of residual radioactive contamination, though the views of the Bay are magnificent. Marzetta’s team photo shows a scowling young man, with a goatee and short dreadlocks. Marzetta’s score and Morales’s successful extra point, the last for Morales and for all time for the North Coast gridders, allowed the visitors to hold on to the lead during the last three minutes of the game, and end HSU’s ninety seasons of football with a memorable win. 

              I wonder, on the flight home, what the coaches and players were thinking. The exciting win allowed them to stay out of the GNAC cellar, just above the hapless Clan, but for the underclassmen knowing the university failed in their attempts to continue the long-standing program must have weighed heavily on their minds. Would they stay on to finish their degrees at HSU or attempt to transfer to other schools to play out the last years of their eligibility; could they maintain their scholarships? I would imagine for some it was hard to keep back the tears.

              The various assistant coaches, many relatively new to HSU, were now out of jobs. Coach Wheeler was eventually hired as an assistant for the South Dakota School of Mines Hardrockers, a far cry from the beaches and warm climate of his hometown in San Diego.
The GNAC was left with only four football teams for the 2019 season, spread in three West Coast states and one Canadian province from Southern California to British Colombia. Though they played each other home and home each season, they had to find additional teams to play to fill out their schedules from other DII schools. A look at previous schedules showed they sought games against teams in Texas, New Mexico, Utah, Colorado, South Dakota, Idaho, Michigan, and Missouri, where DII football programs thrive. Having to add additional games in distant states adds to the financial stress already facing the remaining football programs on the West Coast. Travel by plane is expensive. This helped push other programs beyond being affordable, such as previously powerful Chico State. The survival of West Coast DII football in the GNAC remains questionable. 

             What led up to the decision to cancel a viable football program that began in 1924? The university had been struggling with budget deficits and looked for areas to cut to lower expenses by nine million dollars and achieve a balanced budget by 2020-2021. The athletic department needed 750 thousand dollars to make up for large deficits. Football, which cost a yearly one million dollars, was the most expensive of the twelve varsity programs, so after the 2017 season President Lisa Rossbacher announced that unless the local community could come up with a commitment of half a million dollars in yearly donations to the athletic department, she would have to cut the Lumberjack football program.

             The community, led by local business leaders and football boosters, stepped up to the challenge and saved the program from cancellation raising more than 500,000 dollars that first year. President Lisa Rossbacher announced the program was saved. This did not save long time veteran Head Coach Rob Smith from resigning. The turmoil over the cuts and doubts about the future of the program resulted in a rancorous dispute between Interim Athletic Director Duncan Robins and Smith, played out in public statements, letters, and TV interviews. Smith felt disrespected after building a successful program during his ten-year tenure as head coach. His last season with the team resulted in a national ranking in the top twenty DII schools. In order to be a viable program, off season recruiting is vital. Smith felt without a clear picture of the future and money to travel to recruit players his staff was being put in a precarious situation. He decided to resign.

             As we have seen above, the transition after the last-minute rescue of the program did not go smoothly. The fund raising continued for the following season but fell short, raising 329,000 dollars, not enough to satisfy the school administration’s demands.
In July of 2018 Rossbacher approached the podium and took the mike. “Our football team has been an important source of pride for our students, staff, and alumni, as well as our regional community. Sadly, and despite a tremendous fund drive effort, we found that football cannot be sustained through student fees and community giving. At the same time, the University cannot continue to subsidize budget deficits in Athletics without threatening our academic programs.” The 2018 season would be HSU’s last. 

             Humboldt State was one of the latest football programs to fall victim to the chopping block. More recently the athletic director of Azusa-Pacific University (Where I did a master’s degree in education with a PE emphasis while starting my coaching career in nearby Arcadia High School) announced that as of December 2020 the Cougar football program would be cancelled. This ended the last Division II football program in California. California has lost more than twenty-four of its former collegiate football programs. The reasons are various, but budget concerns and NCAA rules appear to be the primary cause. The vast majority of cancelled programs were cut since 1972.

             Why is this a significant date? In 1972 Richard Nixon signed the Patsy T. Mink Equal Opportunity Education Act in the wake of Women’s Liberation Movement. Prior to this legislation few collegiate athletic programs for women existed. Women’s sports were governed by the Association for Intercollegiate Athletics for Women, established in 1971 to offer leadership for the growing interest in sports by America’s coeds. Part of the 1972 legislation that sought equality in education for women included Title IX, which sought to ensure a more equal distribution of funds for women’s sports programs, including scholarships offered to student athletes.
This presented a challenge to collegiate athletic departments. To comply with the rules, as interpreted by the Department of Education and the NCAA, schools had to move toward offering more women’s sports, fund them more equitably, and offer similar numbers of scholarships for both sexes. 

             Sports can be expensive, particularly at the Division I and II levels that offer scholarships, or at NAIA schools offering athletic scholarships. Students are not always willing to pay higher fees to support additional sports programs. Administrations stress over budgets, and alumni cannot always be counted on to donate the funds needed to comply with the new rules.

             The options for athletic programs to comply with interpretations of the Title IX provisions were to add women’s sports, eliminate some men’s sports, or a combination of both. Fortunately for women the trend has been generally to add additional women’s programs. This has been a boon for female athletes, as their participation and the number of well-funded programs has grown tremendously over the last several decades. The opposite has happened to men’s sports. Many schools have reacted to Title IX by cutting nonrevenue earning men’s sports. Wrestling, cross country, indoor and outdoor track, tennis, golf, and swimming have suffered as a result. Then there’s football. 

             Football is primarily an all-male sport, though occasionally young women join the teams, but it is rare enough that it makes the news. Football requires large numbers of participants. The only women’s sports that come close are crew, rugby, and soccer, but major men’s football programs carry upwards of eighty players. Under NCAA rules major programs are required to offer at least sixty-five and up to eighty-five scholarships. To try to equate this to women’s programs would require both dropping some men’s programs and adding more women’s sports. In addition travel, equipment, and coaching expenses are far higher in a football program than in women’s basketball, soccer, or even track. This is not the only reason California has dropped so many football programs over the last several decades, but it has had an influence. The issue remains controversial. Some schools have dealt with it without dropping football while others have decided they cannot support such an expensive sport. Though football is usually the best earner in revenue for the athletic department, only the biggest division one programs, which are on TV each week, have gigantic stadiums that fill up to overflowing, and sell tee shirts and fan trinkets by the ton, as well as receive donations from well-to-do alumni, make profits that can be funneled back into the program and to support non-revenue earning sports, as well as excellent women’s programs. Most football programs need additional funding beyond what is earned during the season. 

             Part of the funding issue is due to NCAA regulations. In order to compete in a Division I or II conference, schools have to offer a certain amount of scholarships regulated by NCAA rules. They are not allowed to compete in different divisions in different sports. For example, to be DII Humboldt had to offer at least ten DII sports, with their allotted scholarships. They could not decide to compete in DIII in football and DI in track and still be considered a DII school. This means that some schools that cannot afford the scholarships required to be competitive in DII or DI football and the accompanying equivalent in women’s programs had to drop their football programs in order to keep the other programs at a DII level. This happened twice at the school where I played football. 

             The irony for California is that according to the National Football Foundation, despite the loss of many former football teams, the net number of collegiate programs continues to grow, with new teams being added or revived each year, so that there are more football programs now than ever before. In 2018 there were 778 college football programs in the NCAA and NAIA in all divisions. In the six years prior to 2018 thirty-five institutions had added football. Seven in just 2018 and five more plan to add football in 2019. Most of these new programs are found in the Midwest and South, with a few in the Western States and the Northeast, but none in California, except at tiny Lincoln College in Oakland, that started their athletic program in 2021. What is wrong with California? These institutions must find value in what football brings to their students and community; at least enough to fund what is often a very expensive proposition. But it adds excitement to the beginning of the school year, unites students around a common activity, and then there are the marching bands, cheerleaders, alumni interest, publicity, recruiting tool for potential students, and so forth. 

             California has 646 high school football programs and sixty-nine junior college teams. There are thousands of young men and perhaps a few women who graduate from their schools each year and some may want to continue playing football at a four-year school in their home state. California currently has just twenty college football programs. Eleven are DI schools. Stanford, Cal Berkeley, USC, and UCLA play as part of the Football Bowl Subdivision. This division has strict requirements under NCAA rules for a large number of full scholarships for football players and for those in other sports, as well as requirements for attendance at home games. These programs are extremely expensive and often the head football coach has the highest salary of anyone associated not only with the university, but if in the public system, in the state government. 

             Sacramento State, San Jose State, Fresno State, San Diego State, University of San Diego, UC Davis, and Cal Poly San Luis Obispo are in the DI Football Championship Subdivision. These schools are eligible for the postseason playoffs to determine the national championship, sanctioned by the NCAA. They have different rules than the FBS in regards to scholarships and how they can be divided up.

             Azusa Pacific University was the only DII football team left in California. The Cougars were co-champs with Central Washington in 2018 and got a bid to the DII national playoffs, representing the GNAC. Now there are no schools in California representing NCAA DII football.

             California has eight DIII programs, Occidental College, Harvey Mudd-Claremont-Scripps, Pomona-Pitzer, Redlands, La Verne, Chapman, Whittier, and Cal Lutheran. All these schools are within driving distance from each other in Southern California in the Greater LA Region. Harvey Mudd-Claremont-Scripps made the 2018 DIII national playoffs, but like Azusa Pacific, got crushed in the first round. The new program at Lincoln has applied to join the NCAA and has been playing the smaller colleges in the Northwest and Southwest, as there are no DIII or NAIA football programs in Northern California.

             There are no NAIA football programs left in the state. Menlo College dropped their NAIA football program in 2015, citing travel expenses as a key issue as there were no nearby NAIA teams to compete with. 

             If a football player wants to play in California after graduating from high school or community college, he had better be able to make a big-time team, which means competing with scholarship athletes, the best from not only California but the rest of the nation, even the rest of the world. If the ballplayer cannot rise to this level, then he or his parents had better have enough money to send him to one of the expensive private colleges that offer DIII no scholarship competition. The only other option is to seek programs out of state. 

             When I was coming up as an average footballer after my senior year, I had lots of options of schools where I could play and even be recruited. I wasn’t all-anything, I just wanted to continue playing, as my dad had done in his day. I loved it. There were so many more programs back in the 1960’s, even some new ones that eventually did very well. Any decent footballer could find a spot on a team, enjoy one or more years of competition, brag to their children and later grandchildren, and perhaps do a bit of coaching after the experience. When I think of what it would be like if I graduated today, I doubt I would have been able to find a school in my state where I both wanted to go and where I could continue playing the sport I put so much time and effort into in high school. I find it sad, probably because the school where I played, which I would like to have been able to follow as an old alumnus, has dropped its program. Those were wonderful years for me. I would like for more young men to be able to enjoy the same experiences I had as a student. Something is gone from the spirit of a school when football is dropped. Soccer just doesn’t have the same influence on a school as a good football game in the fall. 

              I recently attended my fiftieth college graduation reunion. I knew just a few of my fellow graduates at the functions. I try to attend our football reunion each year. It is still going despite the lack of a football team on our campus. The football alums are among the most generous donors to our school’s athletic programs. Our coach’s son, who was our quarterback, reminded us of what his father, a prominent coach who had years of being a head coach at major programs, said about football. “You probably won’t remember who you sat next to in English, but you will certainly remember who you played with on your football team.” That certainly rings true. My father always enjoyed going back to his college reunions and especially reconnecting with his football buddies.
While at the last football reunion I had an interesting talk with a former player who became a college administrator about the complicated aspect of funding sports programs, especially football. 

              I propose in this project to delve into the history of the extinct football programs in our state. To find out why they were dropped, what interesting stories come out of their existence as football schools, and then offer a proposal for reestablishing a new type of football organization for the state that might allow for a less expensive, less highly regulated, more student-oriented program for those who just enjoy the game and want to play it during their college years, in their home state.
Below is a list of the cancelled programs in California and the approximate dates of either the cancellation or the last season played. I found varying results online. When a program died it was not always perfectly clear cut exactly when. Some dates indicate when the cancellation announcement was made, while others list the last season’s date. Some programs carried on briefly as clubs and some were cancelled when the schools merged with other institutions. Some programs were canceled and then brought back and were canceled again. I have listed the extinct teams in order of the dates the programs ended. There may be a few tiny bible colleges that once briefly fielded football teams and since have folded or been absorbed by other Christian colleges or no longer support athletic teams, but information on these is difficult to discover. Southern California College eventually became California Baptist University, now a DI school, but no longer sponsors a football program. US International University was previously known as Cal Western. It ran into financial problems and dropped its athletic programs and eventually merged with a for profit school, Alliant, which does not sponsor athletics.

Cal Baptist 1955                                   UCSB 1992                         Cal State Northridge 2001
Pepperdine 1961                                  Long Beach State 1992    St. Mary’s University 2004
South California College 1962           Cal State East Bay 1993   Menlo College 2015
UCSD 1969                                            Cal State Fullerton 1993   Humboldt State 2019
University of San Francisco 1972      Santa Clara U. 1993          Azusa-Pacific 2021
Loyola Marymount 1973                     Cal Tech 1993                    UC Riverside 1976
San Francisco State 1995                   LA State 1978                    University of the Pacific 1996
US International U. 1980                     Sonoma State 1997          Cal Poly Pomona 1983
Chico State 1997                                  Occidental 2020

Where Did All the Football Games Go in Southern California?

On a Saturday evening in 1966, when I was a sophomore at UC Santa Barbara, I drove my white stick shift, used Corvair Monza to the dorms, picked up a date I had met at an on-campus dance, and drove down the 101 to San Fernando Valley. It was only a couple of hours’ drive, and I wanted to watch our Gaucho football team play the San Fernando Valley State Matadors.

            I was on the UCSB team but not on the traveling squad, so I was on my own getting to the game. I had been asked to redshirt. I told “Cactus” Jack Curtice, our famous head coach, that I was planning on graduating on time, if not earlier, so I passed on sitting out my sophomore year to avoid adding a year to my college education (in retrospect, I wonder if I should have redshirted, I only got in one game that season and stayed extra quarters to earn a teaching credential anyway). I had made the team during spring ball and survived the difficult two-a-day practices in late summer, but with several centers ahead of me, I was not needed for away games, so my role was on the scout team.  

            Valley State, now known as Cal State University, Northridge, was a relatively new college, only having become independent from what was Los Angeles State College in 1958 and establishing a non-scholarship football program in 1962. One of their few wins that first season was against the Gauchos.

             By 1966 the school had about ten thousand students, equivalent to our school, but the football program was struggling with few scholarships. The game was played at Birmingham High School’s stadium in Van Nuys. It wasn’t until 1972 that the Matadors had their own on-campus venue, North Campus Stadium, built on what was an old harness racing track, Devonshire Downs.

            The night game wasn’t all that competitive. My Gaucho team was up 31-0 by the third quarter, and we finished the game with a 31-12 win, likely the result of Coach Curtice allowing backup players a chance to get in the game in the final quarter. The 1966 Matadors went 2-7-1, tying Whittier College and beating Santa Clara and Occidental in close contests. Their final game against Los Angeles State’s Diablos (now CSU Los Angeles, no longer the Diablos, now the Golden Eagles) was a loss but drew 6,000 spectators to Birmingham’s stadium.

            Valley State also played Cal Poly Pomona and Long Beach State, as did Santa Barbara. None of those teams exist today. Nearly all the Cal State University football programs in Southern California: CSU Northridge, CSULA, CSU Long Beach, Cal Poly Pomona, and CSU Fullerton, are no more, along with my UCSB Gauchos and the UC Riverside Highlanders, and a collection of private colleges, notably Loyola/Marymount, Cal Tech, Pepperdine, Occidental, Azusa-Pacific, and a few others. The only Southern California State University that still sponsors a football program is San Diego State. UC San Diego had a one-year shot at football, then folded as a club. Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo on the Central Coast still plays football.

            Each of these universities once provided a home for college football players. Each had its ups and downs, but each also had its glory years before Title IX requirements, NCAA rules, and budget difficulties resulted in the cancellation of once-viable programs. I am going to attempt to highlight the “good years” of those football teams and discover why and when each program was eliminated. For this section, I’ll focus on CSU Northridge and UC Riverside.

            Today CSU Northridge is one of the five largest universities in the United States, along with Fullerton, and Long Beach, that do not sponsor football. Since the program began in 1962, it gradually developed into a Division I NCAA competitor, playing the likes of Boise State, Utah, Fresno, Davis, San Jose State, San Diego State, Kansas State, and SMU.

            The Matadors played UCSB eight times, beating the Gauchos in five contests between 1962 and 1971 when UCSB first canceled football. In 1962, Valley State’s first season, their victory over the Gauchos was one of three the new program managed, which included close victories over UC Riverside and LA State. The following year, they didn’t play the Gauchos, winning only two games against the UCR Highlanders and Redlands in close contests. They lost to three other California Collegiate Athletic Association football teams and three non-conference teams by substantial margins.

             They played the Gauchos again in 1964, Coach Curtice’s second year as Gaucho mentor after leaving Stanford, and beat UCSB 7-0, beginning a string of four straight victories, followed by six straight losses in the remaining games. The two final losses versus California Collegiate Athletic Association opponents were by large margins against number six ranked (College Division) San Diego State and number two ranked LA State.  Five thousand fans filled Monroe High School Stadium for that last game against LA. LA State went on to a perfect 9-0 season, 5-0 in the CCAA, and garnered a Pasadena Bowl victory over Slippery Rock College of Pennsylvania played in Pasadena’s famous Rose Bowl Stadium.

              The 1965 season was a dismal one for Coach Winningham’s Matadors. They lost to the Gauchos in their first game, 20-0, won only one game the entire season, against Whittier, 14-12, and were crushed by San Diego, highly ranked Long Beach, and LA. LA went on to play UCSB in the Camelia Bowl for the Western Small College Championship. The Matadors were outscored 330 to 49 and were last in their conference and last again in 1966.

               The 1967 season gave Coach Winningham’s boys something to yell ole` about. They went 6-4 and tied with Long Beach and Fresno with 3-2 marks in the CCAA. San Diego State was first in the CCAA and ranked number one among the nation’s small colleges, going to another Camelia Bowl in Sacramento, where they beat SF State 27-6. Because San Diego chose to battle San Francisco for national championship honors, Valley State was chosen to represent the CCAA in the Pasadena Bowl against West Texas State, then from the Missouri Valley Conference. Interestingly, Jack Curtice was the Buffalo head coach in 1940 at the beginning of his college coaching career. The Buffalos gored the Matadors 35-13. This was Valley States’ only bowl appearance.

               When Valley State played the number one San Diego State Aztecs, the stands at Birmingham High School overflowed with a crowd of 9,200 rabid spectators. They were entertained with a rousingly close contest, with San Diego winning 30-21.

            When the Valley boys played the Gauchos in our stadium earlier in the season, spectators experienced a similar exciting contest. I played in that game but have no memory of it. My role was as long snapper for punts, PATs, and field goals. When I found the score online was 28-27, I wondered if our record-breaking kicker, Dave Chapple, had missed an extra point to give the Matadors the victory. I looked up the article in the archives of our school newspaper, El Gaucho, and learned that Dave missed a 49-yard field goal when the ball bounced off the right goalpost and also missed one of his few unconverted PATs in his college career. I snapped to his holder in both of those plays, and I know I didn’t miss. The article says Dave suffered from an injured ankle during that game.

           The Valley State QB, Bruce Lemmerman, led the Matadors back from a 21-7 deficit at the half to the one-point victory. Lemmerman was later drafted by the Atlanta Falcons. Dave Chapple went on to play pro football for the Rams, Buffalo, and New England, setting punting records and making the all-pro team. That day was not representative of what a marvelous athlete Dave was. Tom Broadhead played well as a running back and receiver that day for the Gauchos. Tom was drafted by New Orleans after his record-breaking year at UCSB. I have just learned he is home with his family, as I write this, in hospice care. He has been fighting cancer for ten years. You don’t forget your college teammates, and Tom and his wife have been receiving encouraging e-mails from former Gauchos prompted by one of our captains. (Tom passed away shortly thereafter.)

          In 1968, the Matadors had another winning season, going 5-4, with all their wins coming in non-conference games, except their 21-20 victory over Long Beach. They both shared last place in the CCAA. The final game, a 42-27 loss, was against cross-town rival, LA, in front of 7,490 fans at Birmingham Stadium.

          Santa Barbara met the Matadors again in 1969, dominating the game with Curtice’s son, Jimmy, at QB. The Gauchos won 26-2, with the Valley boys’ only score coming on a blocked punt that rolled out of the endzone. 6,000 fans watched the game in UCSB’s home stadium.

          The CCAA had changed with Fresno, Long Beach, and LA moving into the University Division, being replaced by Cal Poly Pomona and UC Riverside. Northridge was still able to beat both Long Beach and LA by comfortable margins. Leon McLaughlin led the program to a 4-5 mark in his first year as head coach.

          The Matadors played UCSB again in 1970 after UCSB moved up to the University Division, Curtice having left the head coach duties to his long-time offensive line assistant, Andy Everest. They downed the Gauchos 13-7. They beat Sacramento at home in Birmingham’s stadium 34-10 in front of five thousand fans. Hapless LA State was handed a 45-0 loss on the same field with 2,500 fans in the stands. The last game was a loss to Long Beach 21-0, with only 200 watching the game. It was Thanksgiving break. Two high school championships had been played the same day prior to the 49er-Matador faceoff, so the field was a muddy mess. This was a 4-6 season.

          The Gauchos met the Matadors for the last time in 1971. Another win for the Valley team, 15-14, edging the Gauchos with a two-point conversion on a sloppy Devonshire Downs field. They went 4-7 under new head coach Rod Humenuik.

          They went 6-5 in 1972. In 1973, under another new coach, Gary Torgeson, they went 2-9 and were last in the CCAA as a Division II NCAA program. The same mark repeated in 1974, though attendance at North Campus Stadium was respectable. The 1975 season improved marginally with a 4-7-1 tally. This was the year UC Riverside won the CCAA.

         In 1976, Hall of Fame coach Jack Elway took over for three years. In the first season, he took them to an 8-3 record. The CCAA shrank to just three teams when UC Riverside dropped football after the previous season’s championship. The 1977 team went 7-3-1 and drew capacity crowds to North Campus Stadium. In Elway’s last season at CSUN, they went 5-5. He subsequently went on to coach at San Jose and Stanford.

         Tom Keele took over in 1979, and the Matadors went 3-7. The following year, they went 5-6, and home attendance began to shrink. In 1981 they won the diminished CCAA and went 6-4-1. In 1982 they joined the Western Football Conference and set a 4-7 mark, taking third in the new five-team conference. 1983 was a banner year. They placed first in the WFC with an overall record of 6-4. Attendance at home alternated between several hundred to several thousand, depending on the success of the team in previous games. The following season, they slipped back into the cellar, winning just three games and losing seven, including losing to the three other teams in the WFC. 1985 was another 4-7 mediocre season.

         Bob Burt took over in 1986 and took the Matadors to a 7-3 season and second place in the expanded WFC. The team was ranked as the number nine D-II team nationally. Attendance at home games increased, nearly filling the small stadium each homestand. The next year was another good one, taking second in the WFC behind third-ranked Portland State, with an overall record of 7-4. Home attendance remained strong. Burt managed winning seasons in 1988, 1989, and 1990. 1990 was a unique season. Cal Poly and CSU Northridge had identical 4-1 records in the WFC, and both qualified for the Division II NCAA playoffs. Over 7,000 fans crowded into North Campus Stadium to watch Cal Poly’s seventh-ranked team edge the 13th-ranked Matadors 6-3, the only conference game CSUN lost. They met again for the first round of D-II championship playoffs, and Cal Poly won again in a close game, 14-7. CSUN’s overall record for the season was 7-4.

         After that stellar year, things did not go so well for Coach Burt. They went 3-7 in 1991 and 5-5 in 1992. The NCAA ruled that schools competing in D-I sports could not play D-II football. This became an economic challenge for CSUN, but a student referendum enabled some financial help as the program went to a D-I level. This same NCAA rule and a failed referendum to increase fees at UCSB ended our program for the second time. CSUN and several other colleges formed a new D-I conference, the American West Conference. Burt’s 1993 Matadors struggled to a 4-6 season and a last-place finish in the new conference. 1994 wasn’t much better, another last place and a 3-7 mark.

        Following that season, a tearful Bob Burt resigned to take a high school job. He cited the stress of trying to run a Division I program on a shoestring, dealing with the referendum, and the lack of the administration’s emphasis on supporting football, with more resources going to other sports and a limitation on the number of players allowed on the football team. This was partially to comply with keeping equal numbers of male and female athletes based on the administration’s interpretation of Title IX provisions. Burt felt football was football, whether at a big-time program or a start-up small high school. He went on to coach successfully at the high school level, winning CIF-Southern Section championships. He was selected to the CIF-Southern Section Hall of Fame. In 2016, he was hired as Fallbrook High School’s head coach at age 74.

        In 1995, Dave Baldwin took over as head coach and had just two wins, including a blowout over tiny D-III Menlo College. Apparently, the fired previous Athletic Director had to wait until the student referendum secured a continuance of football until he could firm up a schedule, requiring the opening game be against the Menlo Oaks. Baldwin’s gridders suffered eight, mostly lopsided defeats. The 1996 season was much better. The team took third in the D-1-AA Big Sky Conference behind second-ranked Montana and sixth-ranked Northern Arizona. The Matadors had a 7-4 season and beat two teams, ranking among the top 25 D-1-AA teams.

        CSUN went 4-8 in 1997, crushing Boise State and Azusa-Pacific but having to forfeit both these games because two players were later discovered to have played despite being deemed ineligible because they had already played for two other universities, which was against NCAA rules. Under a new coach, Jim Fenwick, they finished second in the Big Sky.

       In 1998 Ron Pociano took over the coaching duties, and the Matadors repeated a 7-4 season and second-place conference finish, beating two top 20 teams on the way.

        In 1999, Jeff Kearin took over as coach. The team went 6-5 with a little help from a forfeit by Northern Arizona, who went on later to the first round of the D-IAA playoffs despite a last-place finish in the Big Sky Conference, yet a 16th rank overall nationally. With the millennium, Kearin’s fortunes fell, and the team finished 4-7. The following year was crucial for the survival of the program.

         The 2001 season was mediocre. The team went 3-7, playing as a D-IAA independent. They had significant wins over Cal Poly and Western Oregon and a barnburner 49-36 win over Sacramento in their final home game in front of 5,286 fans. This was to be their last season playing football after forty years of competition.

         President Jolene Koester met with the players and coaches three days after the final game. She announced that the program would be canceled due to budget issues. The athletic department was 750,000 dollars in the red, Governor Gray Davis was demanding the CSUN return a million and a half dollars back to the state, and future budget cuts were expected. The athletic director was required to submit a plan to reduce the deficit. He recommended dropping football, which costs over one million dollars a year, and coed swimming. Coach Kearin had plans to try to maintain the team, but they weren’t agreed to. It is just too easy to make up for past poor management and overspending by dropping the biggest and most expensive program, football. There were efforts to have another student referendum to raise funds to keep the program, but nothing came of the attempt, though the student body still favored keeping a team.

        So, after forty years of competition, hundreds of students participating, thousands of fans attending games, some successes, and a respectable number of former players being drafted into the pros, Matador football is no more. There are a few wishful websites by students imagining what it would be like to bring back football, and there have been a few attempts to revive the program, but with no success thus far.

         UC Riverside is one of six of the University of California system’s schools that have ever sponsored football. Today, only Davis, Berkeley, and UCLA have teams, and they are all D-I programs.

        Riverside’s football history begins in 1955 under head coach Rod Franz, a college football hall of famer and two-time all-American guard at Cal. After graduating from high school in 1943, he served in the Air Force in the China-Burma-India Theater during the war. After the war, he joined other vets on the Bear’s football team as a starting guard. During his last three years, Berkeley had outstanding seasons, making the Rose Bowl in 1948 and 49. Franz was the team captain. Following graduation, he coached high school for three years, going undefeated his last two seasons at Diablo High, before going on to coach the Highlanders in their first season. The following year, he went on to an assistant coaching job for two years at Cal before focusing on a successful business career.

        UCR’s initial season playing football was not much. They played only five games, tying Pomona-Claremont and losing to the La Verne College 40-0 and the Redlands Frosh Team by an identical score, before winning their first game in history against Cal Baptist, 36-7. Cal Baptist, a Riverside college, had played football in 1953 and 54 against junior colleges and JVs and began playing four-year schools in 1955 as an independent. They were winless in five attempts before meeting Riverside. Their program only lasted two more years. UCR’s final game was a loss to nearby Cal Poly, then at San Dimas, 21-13. Cal Poly, which had played football since 1947, competed primarily against junior colleges and small local colleges. They occasionally played service teams and even a prison.

         Year two of Riverside football was under Coach Carl Selin. Their only win was again a 38-7 victory over Cal Baptist. In six losses, including against two JV teams, they only scored one touchdown and were outscored 251-44 for the season.

          Things improved in 1957, but only slightly. Poor Cal Baptist fell to the Highlanders, 31-0, for the third and final time, as they canceled their program after the 1957 season. UCR lost the next four games against nearby small colleges and one small college in Salt Lake. They finished the season with a tie against the Chino Institute for Men, a state prison.

      Cal Baptist started football in 1953, playing just two games, losing to the Chino Institute prison team 0-22 and Cal Poly Pomona 0-18. The Next year, they lost to Cal Poly again 0-32, but got a historic first touchdown and win against the 29 Palms Marines 6-0. In 1955, they began playing neighbor UC Riverside, along with Cal Poly Pomona, La Verne, and Long Beach State, losing all four games. In 1956, they continued cross-town contest with Riverside and nearby Cal Poly and La Verne, replacing Long Beach with Cal Tech, who clobbered them 67-0. A bright spot was a decisive win over a new Cal Western College team (USIU) 28-8, the Westerners’ only game. They lost again to Riverside in their only game in 1957. They took a break until 1961, when they played their final game against LA Pacific, losing 35-6, and called it quits for the final time.

     LA Pacific combined with Azusa College in 1965 to form Azusa-Pacific. They had previously played each other three times and now were one, much stronger team. Both had played against Riverside. 

          The 1958 Riverside season opened against the prison with a 22-14 loss. The Highlanders tied the Pomona-Claremont Frosh squad 6-6 and followed up with a strong win over Cal Western of San Diego. Two more losses against varsity teams followed. Then another tie against the UC Davis Freshmen, 12-12, and a victory over the Long Beach State Frosh, 24-6.

         In 1959, things really improved. The Highlanders played all but two of their games at home and mostly against varsity programs, going 5-2. Their only losses came against UC Santa Barbara’s JV and Western Arizona. New head coach Jim Whitney’s team outscored opponents 125-75.

         The sixties began with a stunning improvement for Highlander football. They went undefeated against mostly varsity teams, also beating Chino Prison and a Navy Ordinance team. They even beat poor winless Cal Davis, whose football program started in 1915. They had one tie against Azusa and finished their first undefeated season with a 7-0-1 mark.

         After such a stellar year, Riverside reverted back to a one-win season, only beating Cal Tech in 1961, going 1-7 against varsity teams and the El Toro Marines. The next season, they went 3-5, losing to first-year Valley State in their opening game at home by one point. In 1963 they played UC Santa Barbara for the first time, losing to Cactus Jack Curtis’s Gauchos 42-0 in Curtis’s first season at Santa Barbara. UCR’s only win came against Cal Lutheran after an opening loss, again, to Valley State. Of Riverside’s seven losses, all but one had negligible offense and no scores. They scored twelve points in their loss to La Verne, but the other six losses were goose eggs. They did manage a 14-14 tie against Pomona-Pitzer.

         1964 brought in a new coach, Gil Allan, but not much improvement. UCR’s first of two wins were over Los Angeles Pacific in the opening game at home, 15-14. LA Pacific was a small Christian college that later merged with Azusa. The second victory was against Cal Tech, which was developing its winless reputation as a school full of brilliant engineering students but no superior athletes. The score was 13-0. Santa Barbara again took it to their fellow UC student-athletes, 48-7.

         1965’s season began with a new coach, Pete Katella, and a string of victories, beginning with an opening win at home against the Davis Aggies, 16-14. The following week, they fell to a strong La Verne team but followed up with five straight victories before losing their last game 46-20 to Cal Lutheran. They finished the season 6-2, their best results since their undefeated 1960 season.

          The 1966 season had mixed results, going 4-5 but winning all but one of their home games by substantial margins against nearby colleges. This continued during the 1967 season, which began with four straight losses by significant margins, followed by three strong wins, a tie with Azusa-Pacific, and finishing with a victory over a visiting Coast Guard Academy team. The season was 4-4-1.

        In 1968 Katella turned the program around, producing a 7-1-1 season, playing only California colleges. The only loss came against CSU Hayward in their fourth season as a team. They tied Pomona-Pitzer 21-21.

        In 1969, the Highlanders joined the CCAA, just playing one team in the conference during the season, Cal Poly Pomona, and losing 7-6. Of UCR’s six losses, two were by just one point, and one of their three wins, over Cal Western, was by one point. Katella left after a controversial year that included a player strike and complaints about the lack of university support for the program. UCSB had a similar strike by some of our new Black recruits the previous year. It seemed to be part of the zeitgeist during those times.

         Gary Knecht took over the coaching duties in 1970, achieving only a 4-6 record in his first year at the helm. His second season went 2-7-1 with wins against San Diego University and Occidental and a tie with Whittier. They remained in the CCAA cellar for the third year.

        1972 brought in a new coach, Wayne Howard, with winning ways. They went 9-1 and were co-champs with Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, which ranked number three nationally in the NCAA College Division. Howard had another great season in 1973, going 8-2 and taking second in the CCAA behind, again, Cal Poly, ranked eighth nationally, the only CCAA loss for UCR. UCR finished their season by crushing the US International Gulls (formerly Cal Western) 76-28, in UCR’s highest offensive showing.

        Bob Toledo took over from Howard in 1974. Howard moved on to Long Beach and Utah, recording predominately winning seasons at both schools. Toledo continued the Highlanders’ winning ways by beating Cal Poly SLO, taking first in the CCAA, and going 8-3. USIU’s Gulls got a measure of revenge for last season’s debacle by beating the Highlanders 16-13 in San Diego.

        1975 was an ironic season. Despite going 7-3 and winning the CCAA for the third time in four years, Toledo’s successful program was canceled by the administration, claiming a lack of fan attendance, though records show that in the last four years of the program, attendance ranged from a low of 1700 to a high of 4500 with most games watched by between 2000 and 3000 fans in UCR’s relatively small Highlander Stadium. The total attendance for the last four home games was 15,475, averaging 3,869 per game.

       Chancellor Hinderaker announced he had decided to cancel the program due to “insufficient gate receipts.” The football program cost the university 165,000 dollars, with 125,000 for operating expenses and 40,000 for student grants in-aid for athletes. “Despite exciting and successful football teams the last four years and the NCAA Division II nationally leading passer and receiver this season, gate receipts contributed an insignificant amount to our football budget,” spoke the Chancellor as he brought down the hammer on UCR’s twenty-one years of college football. There are a few fantasy websites that imagine a future return of Highlander football to the big time in a fine stadium, but so far, this major university, like my own alma mater, has not returned to the gridiron.  

San Francisco’s Best College Football Team: The ’51 Dons

1951 Dons Football Team

 

Most of those who care, from the twenty-odd canceled college football programs in California, can boast of their institutions’ glory years. They are often forgotten, except for a few surviving alumni, old school newspapers, dusty trophy cases, and ancient Sports Hall of Fame lists. Each program had its successful coaches; some were legendary personalities, conference championships, outstanding seasons, bowl game appearances, high national ranking, and players who went on to pro careers. There are stories of amazing comebacks and upsets, exciting last-minute plays, huge crowds, and festive homecoming activities. These are largely unknown to current students, faculty, and administrators in the two-dozen colleges that abandoned football programs in our state.

     Perhaps the most storied of the former California football teams is the 1951 University of San Francisco Dons. Like its neighboring Catholic universities, Santa Clara and St. Mary’s, USF once was a major football power. They haven’t had a team since 1982, and the more recent years were not all that stellar, but the university still remembers 1951. 

     The 1951 team is remembered as the undefeated, untied, and uninvited squad. It was perhaps the best college football team in history. They went 9-0, had nine players drafted into the pros, three made the Hall of Fame, and five played in the Pro Bowl. Their coach went on to head coaching positions for Notre Dame and NFL teams, and their young sports information director, USF alum, Pete Rozelle, became the NFL commissioner in 1960, serving until 1989. He is remembered as the most powerful commissioner in professional sports. All this came from one team of about forty guys, mostly from the Bay Area and nearby Central Valley, in an all-male college of just 1,276 students.

      The ‘51 team was the best of the independent college teams in the West and ranked fourteenth nationally among major football programs. But this is not why they are remembered today. The surviving teammates have been honored at bowl games, reunions, hall of fame dinners, and even in an ESPN documentary, “ ’51 Dons”, narrated by singer Johnny Mathis, friend to two of the star players. (Mathis sang at my aunt’s party in Ukiah when he was starting his career.)

     Little known at the time, the reason the team is so famous today is for a game they didn’t play. Because of their success, it was hoped they would get an invite to one of the bowl games. The athletic department was deeply in debt. The 70,000 dollars that a bid to a bowl game would earn would shore up its expenses and highlight its program. At the time, the major bowl games were all in the South. The Orange Bowl committee sought a California team to play against an SEC team. USF was considered on their radar.

     In mid-November the undefeated Dons traveled to Stockton to play the tough College of the Pacific Tigers, ranked as high as 16th in the nation earlier in their season. Eyes were on both teams for possible bowl bids. They played in what was eventually named Amos Alonzo Stagg Stadium for their longtime famous coach, who had retired only five years before. Stagg was known as the old man of football, an innovator inventing the man-in-motion play and the lateral. He is also known for establishing the first five-man basketball squads so his football players could play each other off-season to stay in shape. I played in that stadium when our UCSB Gaucho team traveled to play the Tigers my senior year. The stadium was demolished in 2012 and reemerged as the venue for women’s field hockey and a tennis complex. The University of the Pacific no longer fields a football team.

     Tensions were high as the Dons entered the stadium in front of 41,600 fans. USF dominated the game, winning 47-14. The San Francisco fans, as was their habit during a season where the Dons crushed most teams by large margins, sang Huddie Leadbelly’s “Good Night Irene” as the game ended, rubbing it in to the dejected home fans. The Weavers’ version of the song had been number one on the top ten record charts for thirteen weeks in 1950 and came to symbolize a knock-out punch and also a lament over a profligate past. Ouch!

     The Dons had to travel to Pasadena to meet Loyola College in the Rose Bowl Stadium the following week. A win might secure a bowl bid. They crushed the Lions 35-14. On the train going home, the coaches informed the team that the university had received calls from the Orange Bowl committee indicating they were being considered for the prestigious New Year’s game.

     Imagine how this would have felt for players who had just completed a stunning undefeated season after hard months of grueling practice, under a coach known as “The Barracuda” for all the pain he put his players through. As one player recalled, he thought they were a track team because all they did was “run, run, run and hit, hit, hit.” The summer two-a-day practices were held in Corning, 170 miles north of cool, foggy San Francisco, in blistering heat. Players sought the minimal shade of telephone poles and sipped water from leaky pipes during practices. The effort paid off. Going to a top bowl game, which would also take the football program out of debt, was their hard-earned reward.

     There was one caveat. The Orange Bowl was in Miami in segregated territory. No “Negro” players would be allowed to accompany the team. This was something the USF players could not understand. USF had integrated football teams since 1930. They played mostly Western and Northern teams and could not understand why their two star Black players would be banned from participation. It was all or none. They were as much a family as a team and voted unanimously to not accept a bowl bid unless all the players could go.

     As guard Dick Columbi put it, “No, we’re not going to leave ‘em at home . . . we’re going to play with ‘em or not going to play.” Their season ended there, victorious beyond just the win, loss record.

     Two days after the season ended, the university administration decided to cut their financial losses and drop the football program. A bowl bid would have saved it.

     Though USF no longer supports a football team, the legacy of the ’51 Dons is an important part of the school’s identity.

     Pacific did get a bowl bid as the second highest ranked independent team in the West, behind USF. They lost to Texas Tech, Border Conference champions, at the Sun Bowl in El Paso, 25-14.

     The story of the ’51 Dons was the topic of Kristine Clark’s book Undefeated, Untied, Uninvited, published in 2002. She learned much about this team from Pete Rozelle and she also attended USF. She called the Orange Bowl administrators in an attempt to have the 1951 Dons players honored at the half-time of an Orange Bowl game. They knew nothing of the story and informed her there was no record of refusing to invite USF because of their two Black players. The 1951 committee invited number thirteen ranked Virginia, who refused to go because their administration wanted to avoid “big-time, subsidized football.” The game ended up between SEC co-champ Georgia Tech, number five, versus number nine, second-place Southwest Conference team Baylor. Tech won in the segregated contest.

     The ’51 Dons finally did get to go to a bowl game. The surviving former players were honored at halftime during the 2008 Fiesta Bowl.

     Who were these football heroes? They weren’t the first students to play for the University of San Francisco. The beginning of Dons football is recorded as 1917, when the Jesuit school was known as St. Ignatius Academy, and the team was called the Grey Fog. The school was founded as far back as 1855, long before football came into existence in anything like its current form. St. Ignatius eventually featured both high school and college level programs, suffering through the 1906 earthquake and fire and moving locations. In 1930, the name was changed to the University of San Francisco.

     No team was fielded in 1918 during the war, as the small male college contributed members to the war effort. USF teams seemed to come and go. There were no teams on record from 1920 to 1923. The program returned in 1924, playing a mix of clubs, colleges, and military teams. In 1927, the Grey Fog Eleven began a long-term series with local Catholic college rivals Santa Clara and St. Mary’s. The series stopped for a while during WWII, then resumed until football was dropped after the fantastic but fatal 1951 season. USF also began competition against other Catholic colleges, including Loyola of Los Angeles and Gonzaga of Spokane. Home games eventually were played in Kezar Stadium, later home to the 49ers pro team. Crowds could be large when local rivals St. Mary’s or Santa Clara were opponents.

       The 1930s was a rough one for the US economy but generally a respectable one for both the newly minted University of San Francisco Grey Fog football teams and for a moral stance taken by the administration. In 1930 USF welcomed African Americans, Asians, Hispanics, and new immigrants to their campus. USF was one of the first universities to integrate its football teams in the nation. Starting tackle Isiah Fletcher was the first Black player for the Grey Fog.

       The 1930 season had a respectable 6-3 winning record, playing a mix of their Catholic rivals, military teams, the University of Nevada, and the famous Olympic Club of San Francisco.

       In 1931, they compiled a 4-4-1 record, adding BYU to their schedule and traveling to play the University of Hawaii Rainbow Warriors in Honolulu Stadium. (I traveled with the Gauchos in 1967 to play on a muddy Honolulu Stadium field in front of a huge local crowd there for a game honoring the local American Legion organizations. We lost to the Warriors but had a wonderful time in Hawaii. Maybe that is why we lost.)  The old stadium, known as Termite Palace, was torn down in 1974 and was replaced with Aloha Stadium. The old site is now a public park. The USF season included the usual college rivals, plus the Olympic Club and the West Coast Army team, tying both.

      Things went downhill in 1932 as the Great Depression loomed over the nation. They played all their games but one in Kesar, finally beating the Olympic Club and traveling down to play Loyola in Wrigley Field, a minor league baseball venue. They won that game handily but lost to their local rivals, Santa Clara and St. Mary’s. They lost to a tough Stanford Indians squad in their opening game.

     As the Depression continued, so did the fate of the 1933 team. They had just one win against Gonzaga and tied Loyola in a scoreless contest. All the games except one were at Kezar and that game was played in the Seals minor league baseball stadium. (I attended my first pro baseball game as a kid, watching the Seals play in that stadium. The Giants were still in Brooklyn.) Most of their games were close contests, including their games against Stanford and Oregon. It was their lowest ranking ever as Western Independents.

      Things picked up gradually during the 1934 season. They traveled to Corvallis for their opening game and beat Oregon State 10-0. They lost to Santa Clara and Stanford in close contests. The total points scored for and against during all the season games, except Gonzaga, equaled only 16 for vs. 16 against. They traveled to play Loyola, and 10,000 packed the small stadium to watch the two teams battle their second consecutive scoreless game. It must have been a very defense-oriented season in California football. The Grey Fog did run up the score, 28-0 against Gonzaga. Perhaps Gonzaga didn’t get the message that tough defense was expected this season. The season ended with a 7-3 loss to Santa Clara in front of 45,000 at Kezar.

      The 1935 season was the first winning season since 1930 at 5-3, only losing to tough local teams, including Stanford, in front of large crowds. They added Denver and Fresno to their schedule, dropping any non-collegiate teams while continuing to play Nevada and their Catholic rivals.

      In 1936, the Grey Fogs returned to mediocrity. They traveled to San Antonio to tie Texas’ St. Mary’s 6-6 and later tying California’s St. Mary’s in another defensive standoff, 0-0 in front of 35,000 fans who hopefully enjoyed watching defensive play or maybe the school bands. USF added Montana, Portland, and San Jose to their schedule, going 4-4-2.

     They opened the 1937 season hosting two Texas teams, St. Mary’s, with 20,000 attending, and tiny Daniel Baker, a college that eventually went bankrupt. That game only drew 2500 to the same Kezar stands. Huge crowds attended the St. Mary’s and Santa Clara games; 55,000 crammed Kezar to watch the Gaels-Dons game. It was another so-so 4-5-1 season, though they added Texas A and M and Michigan State to their schedule.

            Back to the winning column in 1938, at 5-2-1, but losing to their local rivals back-to-back. All their first six games were all in San Francisco at either Kezar or Seals Stadiums. They won both their road trip games against Fresno and Gonzaga. They hosted another Texas team, Harden-Simmons. They played my Gauchos at Kezar for the first time, beating what was then Santa Barbara State 14-0.

            Things began to slip again as the nation moved toward WWII, with a 4-3-3 1939 record. Ties were common, including a rousing 0-0 tie in La Playa Stadium, Santa Barbara, where I played 27 years later. They also tied Santa Clara when the Broncos were ranked 14th nationally. They added a Missouri Valley Conference team, Creighton, to their schedule. Seems like out-of-state teams jumped at a chance to travel to San Francisco for a game. Good for recruiting.

            Nineteen-forty was a sad year. Their only win came against Loyola, but they managed another 0-0 tie with Creighton and lost a very close game against number eighteen Texas Tech in early December at Kezar.

            A new coach took over in 1941, and things improved. They went 6-4 and were the third-best team among the Western Independents behind Hawaii and Santa Clara. They began to score offensively and avoided those 0-0 ties. This season they played a military team for the first time in years, Fort Ord. Their last game was a loss to Mississippi State at Kezar on December 6th, as Yamamoto’s forces advanced on Pearl Harbor.

            In nineteen-forty-two, they continued playing during wartime, adding two military teams to their schedule. They lost to all three California Catholic colleges and to number sixteen Mississippi State but crushed Arizona State 54-6. The Dons ranked third among Western Independents behind number seventeen Santa Clara and St. Mary’s. They were again under another first-year head coach.

            The war was going full blast on either side of two oceans, but football continued at USF in 1943, probably using young players and those ineligible for the draft or not yet drafted. Two linemen might have been 4-F due to their size, 250 and 315-pounders. Perhaps the Army didn’t make uniforms big enough. They only scored thirteen points the whole season, six in their sole win against Nevada, who could only field twenty-one players. They played the Cal Bears in Memorial Stadium in a boring game that included a single Bear’s pass completion in the last play of the game. Though 10,000 attended the game, for that big stadium, it was considered poor attendance. To have the half-time card show required recruiting spectators to join the student section, including USF fans. USF lost to number eight USC in front of a small crowd at Kezar and to number fifteen ranked Del Monte Pre-flight, both by 34-0 scores.

     Del Monte Pre-flight’s team included former college players, ex-pros, and an All-American. They ended the season ranked as the eighth-best team in the nation, beating UCLA, Cal, and St. Mary’s. Their only loss was to Pacific. USF was outscored that season 199-13, finishing an embarrassing 1-7. But there were more important contests on the minds of most Californians. Football at USF was suspended during the remaining years of the war.

            Football returned to San Francisco in 1946 under another new coach, again playing all collegiate teams. They went 3-6, beating Kansas State and losing in a close game to St. Mary’s in front of 50,000.

            Nineteen-forty-seven, the year of my birth, things began to look up again. With another new coach, the team went 7-3, playing six out-of-state teams and beating both St. Mary’s and Santa Clara in high-scoring contests.

            Another new coach was on the scene in 1948, Notre Dame football star, Joe Kuharich. His first season was not impressive. They went 2-7, but the next season showed what the new coach could do. In 1949, they went 7-2, outscoring opponents 260-144. The team traveled to play Tulsa in Oklahoma. They had along two African American players, who weren’t allowed to stay in the hotel with the team. Two of the white players went along with them to a hotel where they accepted Blacks, and when restaurants refused to seat their Black teammates, the team kept going until they found one that would. Ollie Matson, a star Negro running back, suffered from sideline slurs, black eyes, and a bloody nose from cheap shots, and had three touchdowns called back. The USF players were beginning to learn about life in Jim Crow Land, losing 10-0.

            With the dawning of the 1950s, Kuharich opened the season with a home game against Tulsa. This time, the Golden Hurricanes were on the Dons’ home turf. Matson got some satisfaction for the way he was treated in Oklahoma by scoring two touchdowns in the USF 23-14 win over Tulsa. It would be Tulsa’s only loss. They went on to win the Missouri Valley Conference and rank eighteenth in the nation. The Dons went 7-4 and ranked third, again, among Western Independents. Their only losses came against seventh-ranked Stanford, fourth-ranked Cal, twentieth-ranked Loyola, and 8-1 Fordham, all away games.

            The next year looked promising as the team gathered in Corning for pre-season double-day practices. Coach Kuharich focused on football strategy and skills but had relied on his assistant, Brad Lynn, for recruiting. Lynn obtained two of his best players, both African Americans, at San Francisco City College. Ollie Matson, a Washington High grad, played running back for the SF Community College Rams prior to joining the nearby USF squad. His mother had moved to San Francisco from Texas when he was fourteen, hoping he would eventually study dentistry.

      Burl Toler never played high school football. While walking the hallway at SFCC, a student asked him, “Aren’t you late for practice?” He was big and looked like he could be a football player, so he decided to go out for the team, eventually becoming USF’s team captain and star lineman and linebacker. They played both ways back then.

      Bob St. Clair was 5’9” and 160 pounds as a freshman at SF Poly High School and lived very close to USF and Kezar Stadium. By 1951, he was 6’7” and 235, as a college junior playing tackle.

     Gino Marchetti was the son of Italian immigrants living in working class Antioch, CA. He dropped out of high school and joined the Army where they promised him a high school diploma, and became a machine gunner in the Battle of the Bulge. He returned after the war to work in a bar and attend Modesto Junior College. He previously had started a club team in Antioch with friends to play local clubs because he missed the game. He was recruited to play for Modesto as an afterthought because the coach was more interested in his brother. Marchetti was about 6’5” and only weighed 215 playing tackle, but he had desire and earned a starting position with Modesto. While Gino worked in his brother’s bar, Brad Lynn showed up and ordered a beer, asking for Gino Marchetti. Marchetti had long hair and was smoking a cigarette. The coach wanted to offer Marchetti a scholarship to play for the Dons. Marchetti snuffed out his cigarette and said, “I’m Gino Marchetti.” He agreed to no drinking, no smoking, and cutting his hair and joined the Dons and his army friend, Burl Toler, to play for three seasons.

     Another lineman on that team was Red Stephens, one of four players drafted into the pros after the ‘51 season. He finished his pro career and was an assistant coach for Notre Dame and a pro scout for Philadelphia. A fifth player, running back Scooter Scudero, from Mission High School, starred for the undefeated 1949 Dons’ frosh team. He scored nine touchdowns his sophomore year, but at 5’1” was tiny for a major college football program. He also played defensive back and ran back punts. His junior year he had the misfortune of playing behind Ollie Matson, though he contributed on defense and special teams. Because the team folded after 1951, he was unable to play his senior year because transferring to another school made him ineligible. He went on to play one year for the Canadian Football League, making all-star and spent six years with the NFL, making the pro-bowl in 1955. He was an outstanding punt and kick returner. Both Scudero and Stephens played for the Redskins, a team Kuharich coached.

      St. Clair transferred to Tulsa his senior year because they were willing to avoid eligibility rules so he could play one more season. They went on to an 8-2-1 season and a Gator Bowl appearance. When the team got the bid to play in the bowl game, St. Clair was the only player to vote against going. He wanted to fulfill a childhood dream and play in a college all-star game at Kezar the same weekend in his hometown. Nobody knew he was the one to vote against going to Jacksonville to play in the Gator Bowl. He was drafted to play in Kezar for the 49ers. He had kept growing and ended up at 6’9” and 263 pounds. He stayed with the 49ers for ten years, earning first-team all-pro five times and second-team all-pro four, played in five pro bowls and was declared a member of the NFL1950 Decade Team. He was elected as mayor of Daly City, where he owned a liquor store, and also served as San Mateo County Supervisor.

     Ed Brown quarterbacked the 1951 team. A graduate of San Luis Obispo High School (my son played ninth-grade ball for the Tigers when I was on sabbatical in 1985-86 at Cal Poly, SLO), he transferred from Hartnell Junior College to USF to lead the team’s offense. After college he was drafted by the Chicago Bears, but also drafted into the Marines, where he spent two years playing for Camp Pendleton’s team. Brown played for the Bears and Steelers and finished in 1965 as a punter for the Baltimore Colts, making the Pro Bowl twice.

     Dick Stanfel just missed playing for the ’51 Dons, graduating in 1951, but was a teammate for those players who still had eligibility for the famous season. Stanfel attended high school at San Francisco’s Commerce HS, where my grandfather was once a vice principal. He attended San Francisco City College, spent a year and a half in the Army, and joined the Dons, playing for Kuharich in 1948, ‘49, and ‘50. He was selected to play in the East-West Shrine Bowl, was All-Coast, and drafted by the Detroit Lions as an offensive guard. He played pros for seven years, making All-pro five times and playing in five pro-bowl games and for two NFL championships. He joined his USF teammates as a member of the 1950’s Decade Team. Following his playing years, he coached for thirty-five years for Notre Dame, Cal, and a series of pro teams, deemed by Mike Ditka “the best line coach in football.” After his death, he joined three Dons teammates in the Pro Football Hall of Fame.

     What about the two African American players? Ollie Matson led the nation in rushing in 1951, was an All-American, and came in 9th  in the Heisman ballots. He was drafted in the first round by the Chicago Cardinals in 1952 and played pros for various teams until 1966, earning all-pro honors seven times, playing in six pro bowls, and joining his teammates on the 1950’s Decade Team and the Pro Hall of Fame. He also ran track in the 1952 Olympic Games, taking bronze in the 400 and silver as a member of the 4X400 relay, and is in the College Football Hall of Fame. Sadly, his fourteen years of pro ball took a toll on his health, and his many concussions are believed to have contributed to his death from conditions related to dementia in 2011.

      His African American teammate, Burl Toler, had a different football career outcome. He grew up in Memphis but didn’t decide to play football until his senior high school year. A serious burn on his arm in a kitchen accident prevented his playing, so he acted as water boy. After briefly attending a local college, his uncle encouraged him to come to San Francisco, where he joined Matson on the “Mythical Junior College National Champion” SFCC team. He was considered by some as the Dons’ best player at linebacker and offensive lineman on the 1951 team, and that is saying a lot. He was drafted by the Cleveland Browns in 1952 but injured his knee in a college all-star game that ended his pro playing career before it even started, but not his pro career as an official. He became the first NFL Black official in 1968 while teaching junior high with a master’s degree from USF. He broke more Civil Rights ground by becoming the first African American junior high principal in San Francisco at Benjamin Franklin Junior High, later renamed Burl Toler Middle School. USF has a dorm named in his honor and he is a member of the Bay Area Sports Hall of Fame. He died in 2009.

The results of the 9-0 season victories are the following:

San Jose State 39-2

Idaho 28-7

Camp Pendleton 26-0

San Jose State again 42-7

Fordham 32-26

San Diego Navy 26-7

Santa Clara 26-7

Pacific 47-14

Loyola 20-2

     Some claimed this was a weak schedule compared to the South Eastern teams that made bowl games, but the team was so strong that top-flight teams, like Cal, refused to schedule the small Catholic college out of fear. St. Mary’s team folded due to financial debt after the 1950 season, perhaps a precursor for what happened to USF, so they had to scramble to get opponents.

      Pitching for a bowl bid, Pete Rozelle traveled to New York City for the Fordham game and convinced the famous sports writer Grantland Rice to attend the game. Matson fumbled the kick-off, and Rozelle turned to see Rice shaking his head before Matson picked up the ball and ran 94 yards for the score. Matson led the nation with 21 TD’s 1,566 rushing yards and played both ways. Rice must have been impressed as the Dons beat the previously unbeaten Rams.

     Nineteen-fifty-one did not end football at USF. After five years without football, “Sarge” Mac Kenzie, remembering the great years, convinced the university to allow an intramural tackle football program in 1956. Presumably, they still had equipment stored away. The three-team intramural league was unique for West Coast college football. (When I coached with the Department of Defense Schools in Panama in the 1990s, our new district superintendent ended the long practice of allowing our community college students to play in the interscholastic league. The new college dean had been a football coach and created a three-team intramural tackle league to allow Panama Canal College to continue tackle football. Some alumni took a class or two just to qualify to join a team. It grew from six-man football to a program that included Panamanian university football teams.) 

     The following year Mac Kenzie formed a team from the intramural squads to play San Francisco State’s Reserves. In 1958, after round robin competition between the Grey Fog, Caballeros, and Vigilantes (keeping San Francisco history in mind) Mac Kenzie’s All-Stars played Treasure Island’s military team, beating them 18-15, Cal Davis Aggies JV, winning 14-8, but losing to the SFSU Gators Reserves 30-6 and 42-22.

      Intramurals continued in 1959, along with games against Treasure Island and Santa Clara, reviving a long rivalry. It wasn’t big time, but it was football, and as one supporter said, “They played the game just because they liked it.” (This should be the theme of the club football league I am dreaming about: playing the game for the fun of it.)

     They added a five-game schedule in 1960, losing to Davis, SFSU, and the top service team, Hamilton Field. They played San Benito’s Hollister Junior College (now Gavilan College) twice, splitting wins and losses. It looked like USF was slowly returning to college football.

     In 1961, they had a winning season, going 4-2 against local junior colleges and Hamilton Field. The next year, they played local junior colleges and college JVs, plus a small Christian college varsity from Southern California, LA Pacific (this school later merged with Azusa College to become Azusa-Pacific, where I got my first masters. They were the last Division II NCAA football team left in the state until the program was canceled in 2020.). The Dons went 3-3 winning their last game against LA Pacific.

     The 1963 season included seven games. They beat Gavilan JC and LA Pacific but lost to Claremont College, Cal Lutheran, Cal Davis, Moffett Field, and Napa JC. But they were beginning to build a more challenging schedule.

     They had a 6-2 season in 1964, finally beating SF State’s JV, and beating Humboldt State’s JV, Cal Davis’s JV, Moffett Field twice, and Hayward State (now CSU East Bay, where I earned a masters in anthropology after retirement so I could teach college anthro.). They lost to Claremont College and the University of British Columbia. No JCs on this schedule.

     The 1965 season featured three wins against Moffett Field, George Fox of Oregon, and a 2-0 win on a muddy field over Eastern Oregon. Losses were to Chico, Nevada, Claremont, Western Oregon, and Cal State Hayward.

     Nineteen-sixty-six was an all-varsity season. They won their first three games against Chico, Claremont, and UC Riverside, lost to Sacramento State, Nevada, Azusa-Pacific, Cal Lutheran, and Westminster College of Pennsylvania, but finished up with a win against Hayward, going 4-5. It was a respectable first all-varsity season against colleges with established teams.

     The ’67 season moved them into the winning column, at 5-4, returning to the previous rivalry with Loyola. Sixty-eight was a disaster. Only nineteen players finished the season. They tied one game and lost eight. Things improved slightly in ’69 with a 3-6 mark. They beat Riverside, Eastern Oregon, and their old-time local rival, St. Mary’s, which was just coming back to football again as a club. Nineteen-seventy was all downhill, with their only claim to dignity a close game with Sonoma State that was an almost comeback. The following season was also a bummer. The students complained the football team got no support from the administration and was required to field a varsity program by supporting itself financially. Gate receipts were nowhere near what they had been in the glory years, with Kesar remaining largely empty from the pictures I could find. It was really hard to find records for the post-1951 years, and the Fog Horn school paper archives were my only source. The Sonoma State Cossacks beat the Dons and, like them, were on the way toward extinction blamed on finances. The old Grey Fogs’ last game for a decade was a 47-0 loss to Sacramento State. The Dons were only able to complete the season because a kind philanthropist donated the funds.

     But like a phoenix rising from the fires, Dons football was back in 1981 after resting uncomfortably in the grave for a decade. Coach Jim Clackczak led the team. They didn’t win a game in seven outings against varsity programs and Cal’s JVs, but they scored their first touchdown in ten years and broke a record of sorts when a confused Dons kickoff returner allowed Eastern Oregon to recover a fifty-yard onside kick. Sonoma had also revived their program in 1980 and it outlasted the hapless Dons, who folded again. Sonoma again blamed budget restraints when they canceled their program for a second time in 1996.

      So, the Dons football fans now have to cheer for Cal, Stanford, or the Niners. Even the Raiders have abandoned us. The same with Menlo, CSU East Bay, CSU Sonoma, San Francisco State, St. Mary’s, Santa Clara, Chico, Humboldt, and Pacific. Just think how many California football players and fans could enjoy weekend games if those Northern California schools sponsored self-supporting college football club teams, avoiding NCAA rules, expensive scholarships, travel, and highly paid coaches. As was stated when “Sarge” Mac Kenzie restarted football at SFU, “Football just for the fun of it.” As one student in the Fog Horn paper put it when the team folded the last time: “A school without athletics is not really a school; it is only a business that teaches.”

Burl Toler

Campus Stadium’s First Football Game

I’m sitting here at my desk with my 1967 La Cumbre yearbook open to page 106. The page is full of pictures of the ninth football game of my sophomore year on the University of California, Santa Barbara’s Gaucho Football Team. There’s our unstoppable fullback, Mike Thomas, receiving a perfect option pitch from Mike Hitchman, our golden-boy quarterback. Future all-American receiver Paul Vallerga is downfield, making a crucial block. This wasn’t just another football game. It was the inaugural first game in our school’s new stadium with a sold-out homecoming crowd. Twelve thousand fans filled the metal stands to capacity. The virgin turf awaited the battle between our Gauchos and Cal Western, a San Diego college located on Point Loma.

            All the previous home games, going back 29 years, had been played at La Playa Stadium overlooking Santa Barbara Harbor and the Channel Islands. Santa Barbara’s campus had been located on the mesa above the stadium before moving in 1959 to its present location on the site of a former Marine Base. Now the old location is the home of Santa Barbara City College. Thanks to our coach, “Cactus” Jack Curtice, whom we called “The Plant,” we now had our own fine stadium, just a short walk from student housing.

            This game was also especially significant for me. It was the first varsity game I got to play in. When I joined the program as a freshman, back then, freshmen played a limited schedule on an all-freshman team; I was probably the only recruit who was not all-league, all-CIF, or even all-American. Our frosh team quarterback was a high school all-American from Rim of the World High School. (At a post-season beer party, we learned he was already married to a sixteen-year-old who was attending the local high school. He didn’t come back the next year.) I had been recruited thanks to decent grades and a thoughtful high school coach. I joined our two outstanding tackles, Tom and Pete, for a drive up to visit the campus. These two guys made an all-star team in San Diego and had far more creds than I. Pete decided to go to UCLA, where he played rugby, and Tom joined his brother’s fraternity and starred on his frat’s flag football team. I was the only one of the three of us to join the team.  

            Our first game was against rival Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo. On our star-studded team, I had little hope of playing, but we were losing significantly, and Coach Gorrie put me in for a few plays at the end to rush punts and passes. I must have impressed the coach because, after a reorganization following our first defeat, I was assigned a position as a defensive

guard, alternating with Steve Young. Steve was a huge, freckled redhead from Las Vegas. He played defensive guard on short yardage and running plays, and I went in on passing, and long yardage plays. All I had to do was rush the gap. It was the most fun football I ever played. Our team went on to crush the rest of our opponents by huge margins.

             I was selected, with a few others, to hold dummies to help our varsity prepare for their Camelia Bowl contest against Los Angeles State. I took this as a compliment. In reality, it was good training for what most of my subsequent football career consisted of. I held a blocking shield and simulated a rush from the defensive end. Mike Hitchman would read my attack and either keep the ball if I over-pursued or pitch to the running back if I blocked his way. Still, I felt privileged to be able to practice with the varsity after our freshman season ended.

            I made the varsity team after spring football. We actually beat many of the returning Camelia Bowl players in the spring game. Coach Curtice asked me to redshirt. I didn’t, at the time, see any advantage to it, as the starting center from our frosh team was always going to start ahead of me, and I was well on my way to graduating on time or even early. So, I was put on the Black Shirt team my sophomore year. This was basically a taxi squad made up of redshirt transfers from other colleges and those of us who made the team but not the traveling squad. I suited for home games at La Playa but spent my time cheering from the bench. Our coach was Rudy Cavahal, from Berkeley. We called him Cavajet for his exaggerated enthusiasm and energy. He trained us in the plays and defenses the team would face in the next game, and we scrimmaged against the starters so they could prepare for what to expect on Saturday.

            This Saturday would be different, though I had no idea at the time. We walked from our locker room in Robertson Gym across the soccer field and parking lot to the locker room under the new Campus Stadium. We sat on the benches and listened to Coach Curtice as he prepared us for the upcoming battle.

            Curtice had a storied history as a football coach. He was a three-sport athlete at Transylvania College in Kentucky and went on to coach at major colleges, Texas El Paso, Utah, and Stanford. His folksy ways didn’t mesh well at Stanford, and his win-loss record there did not match his previous successes, so they let him go, and he was hired by Santa Barbara, an NCAA College Division school with little reputation as a football power. Curtice changed this. He had big-time experience and applied it to our small-time program. By 1965 he took the team to an 8-1 record and a bowl game. He was awarded NCAA College Coach of the Year, was known as Mr. Forward Pass, invented the shovel pass (I saw it used in the recent NFC championship game.), and was chairman of the football rules committee. He treated us as if we were playing for a big-time college program. He even had a “Football With Curtice” local TV show where he interviewed players and talked about upcoming games. I got to be on TV for the first time when he hosted a show with all the centers.

            After Curtice gave us his pep talk, we all put on our helmets, stood up, and pounded each other on the shoulder pads. The captains lined us up for a run out onto the field to warm up. We left the tunnel and emerged into a brilliant, sunny fall day. The band was lined up on either side of the entrance as we ran out to the tune of “Brave Bull” and the cheers of thousands of our fellow students, and not a few parents. The emotions, even for a bench sitter like me, were on full blast. We warmed up with the Cal Westerners on the opposite side of the field, then each team retreated to their own benches.

            I figured, as with the other home games, that is where I would stay. As it turned out, we dominated the Westerners, winning the opening game in Campus Stadium 64-3. We were fired up, and there was nothing the poor San Diegan team could do. It was almost embarrassing for Coach Curtice, as no decent coach wants to humiliate an opponent by such a lopsided score. He put in his second string, led by Timmy, who had been one of our backup frosh quarterbacks and was a fraternity brother of mine. Timmy threw touchdown passes and racked up more points. Coach put in Jimmy, also a fraternity brother and former frosh backup QB. He also threw for more touchdowns. The Gauchos racked up 35 first downs and a record-breaking 586 yards, and I got in.

            Coach was digging pretty deep to put in everyone he could, so I went in as a defensive guard. This meant a lot to me as I could now claim I played in the first game in our new stadium, and of course, it was fun. I went against a huge Westerner lineman and thought well, this is a test. As it turned out, he was pretty easy to handle, and he had trouble keeping me from pushing him back toward the struggling Cal Western quarterback. I didn’t make any tackles, but I also wasn’t blocked out of my area. I realized I knew the guy I was going against. I can’t remember his name (I looked him up online, and it was Disanti.), but when I was in high school, this big, swarthy giant would come into Maylen’s Gym, where we worked out off-season. He was probably in junior college and looking for a scholarship to play ball somewhere. Maylen was a great mentor for athletes in our town and later was a Charger strength coach. Well, this big guy was the lineman I was easily pushing into his own backfield. Of course, he was probably pretty beat up by then and discouraged, but it still made me feel pretty good to be able to hold my own against this big, older guy.

            When the game ended, we shook hands with the opposing, dejected players and made our happy way to the showers. This was real collegiate football. I think there were even card stunts at half-time.
            That memory sticks with me. Later I earned a place as a specialist, doing long snaps for our punter and placekicker, Dave Chapple, who went on to play pro football.

            Our new stadium was used in January by the Green Bay Packers to prepare for the first Super Bowl. I was given a job to help put up screens on the fences surrounding our stadium. Vince Lombardi bought them and had us put them up to prevent any Kansas City Chief scouts from observing his practices. There is a picture in my yearbook of our co-captains with two of the Packers stars. It was quite a year.

            Unfortunately, the team was only to last five more years, and the program was canceled just two years after Coach Curtice retired from his head coach position. One of our co-captains, Mike Warren, later brought back the program and turned it again into a viable football team. However, NCAA rules and budget issues again resulted in the program being canceled.

            Today Campus Stadium is known as Harder Stadium, named after a previous coach, and it is the venue for a successful soccer program. We football alums donated money for an entrance gate, now called the Curtice Gate, honoring our mentor. Players from those years meet each April for a football reunion to recall those storied times.

            To me, it is sad that as a retired person, getting on in years, I cannot follow my college’s football team, as alums from Berkeley, Stanford, or UCLA can do. I would happily attend games played nearby, donate funds to help the program and follow the yearly results if we still had a team. But that is not to be.

            Looking at my yearbook’s pages, I see that we played ten games that season. Of the ten teams we played, five no longer field football teams, including Cal Western. They sold their beautiful campus on Point Loma to a Nazarene college and moved to an inland location renaming their institution US International University. Eventually, they had to drop their sports program altogether.

            So, the experiences of my youth got me thinking of ways to resurrect football for at least some of the colleges that formerly fielded teams. That way, perhaps my own college might again play for glory and fun, maybe even on the same field I helped inaugurate in 1966 if the soccer people will let us.

Catholic Football

California has sixteen Roman Catholic colleges and universities. At one time, five sponsored major football programs. Today, only the University of San Diego continues to support football.     

     The Toreros are a D-I FCS football team competing in the Pioneer Football League, which consists of nine teams. All but one are Catholic universities in nine different states. The Toreros have consistently won the league championship over the last few seasons. It is no wonder. Being the only Catholic university left in the state with football, USD can draw from the strongest high school programs in California, which are dominated by Catholic prep schools.

     Seven of the top twenty ranked high school football programs in the state are Catholic, with De La Salle number one out of a thousand high school teams in the state. The second toughest league in the entire US, the Trinity League of Southern California, had all but one school affiliated with the Catholic Church. Some leagues, such as the Angeles League, are only made up of tough Catholic teams. Near where I live in the Bay Area, Bellarmine, and St. Francis are dominant football powers, as was St. Augustine in San Diego when I was a kid and Bishop Amat when I coached in Southern California. For Catholic school grads and others who play football, who wish for a Catholic college experience in their home state, USD is their only option.

     Previously, there were four other Catholic university football programs: the University of San Francisco, St. Mary’s University, Loyola-Marymount University, and Santa Clara University. My alma mater, at one time or another, competed against all of these, plus USD. When I was a Gaucho, we played Santa Clara all four years I played. The Santa Clara Broncos became a great rival in those years.

     The varsity game I remember most as a freshman was against Santa Clara at our home stadium. We had just come off a Friday afternoon frosh team win over Valley State’s JV down in Northridge. Our squad ran up the score 55-0, breaking our school’s frosh scoring record, even while avoiding passing in the second half under a running clock and playing all three QBs, each of whom scored. I played defensive guard and alternated with Steve Young. Steve was a big 250-pound, jovial redhead from Las Vegas who played on first downs and short yardage situations. I was just barely over 200 pounds and rushed the gap on passing downs and when our opponents needed long yardage or punted. The poor offensive guards that had to try to block us never figured out how to deal with two very different style defenders. It was the most fun I ever had playing football.

     On October 30, 1965, our varsity was scheduled to play Santa Clara in our homecoming. The Gauchos were having our best season since 1936 when they went 9-1. With two games remaining UCSB had only lost to Long Beach State. There might be a chance to get a bid to a small college bowl game if we kept winning, but getting by the Broncos wasn’t going to be easy. As a member of the frosh team, I was in the stands for the game and was going to join others on the team, cleaning up the stadium for pay after the game. Homecoming included floats, queens, alumni returning from previous years, and a parade going down State Street. It was a big deal back then.

     I never saw a homecoming parade because we were always preparing for a game, but I do remember helping my fraternity make a float as a pledge. We played football in La Playa Stadium in downtown Santa Barbara, a good drive away from campus. La Playa had previously been UCSB’s stadium when the campus was located on the mesa just above the Pacific Ocean beaches and the Santa Barbara Harbor. After the campus moved to its present site, a previous marine base near Goleta, Santa Barbara City College, took over the site and La Playa became their home field.

     La Playa was a beautiful spot for a football stadium. It was built into one side of a seaside bluff that provided a spectacular view of the Pacific and the harbor. If the game was boring, there was always the view. We still played our home games in La Playa until the end of my sophomore season, when our new on-campus stadium was finished, named, creatively, Campus Stadium

     The day of the game was sunny, the ocean and sky as blue as possible, the coeds filling the stands were gorgeous, the band was loud, nine thousand fans filled the stadium and were treated to the most exciting spectacle I witnessed that season. I was totally engrossed in the game, with, of course, taking time to scope the stands for the most attractive female students, which were amazingly common on our beachside campus.

     It was a back-and-forth game. UCSB missed its first PAT, and toward the end of the game, sophomore quarterback Mike Hitchman drove in for a two-point conversion, straining both hamstrings. This put the Gauchos ahead 14-13, as Santa Clara had also missed an extra point. The determined Broncos took the ensuing kickoff and marched down to the Gaucho four-yard line with minutes remaining on the clock. They had fourth and one to go, but the home team held, and the ball was turned over.

     A backup QB took over for the injured Hitchman. A fumble returned the ball to the Broncos on the Gaucho five. Two plays later, the home defense intercepted the ball on the goal line to prevent a Bronco comeback, and the game was won. I remember how excited everyone was, myself among them. This victory over Santa Clara led to a spirited rivalry for the next three years.

     I looked up the news article in the archives of our school newspaper to refresh my memory of the game. I learned something I had not known previously. A star end, Jason Franci, a senior, had been notified on the Friday prior to the game during practice that his parents had been in a traffic accident on the way to the game. Jason and his wife left immediately to drive to be with his parents and to check on the seriousness of the injuries to his mother. He told Coach Curtice he would be back for the game. Curtice never expected Franci to be able to return, as the accident was in San Jose, and there was no word on how serious the injuries were. Curtice altered his game plans to take into account who would replace Franci.

     The team bus arrived at the stadium for the game without Franci, but they brought his gear along just in case. Curtice was about to give his pregame speech when Franci turned up in his sports coat and announced he was there to play. Curtice, always able to adjust to take advantage of emotions, forgot his planned speech and instead said the following: “That guy over there who was thinking of every one of you left San Jose to come down here and help us try to get that win.” The players knew the situation, and the newspaper said there were tears in their eyes. Curtice knew his psychology, saying, “Now let’s go out there and do a job.” And they did.

     Emotion can result in individual and team performance far and away above what would happen to a flat team. Jason Franci caught six passes for 46 yards and earned the game ball. He played the following year for the Denver Broncos and then for a couple of years in the Canadian football league. Later, he coached for 33 seasons at Montgomery High School in Santa Rosa, earning a reputation as the winningest coach in the Redwood Empire. He died the year after he retired at age 75.

     Emotions would play a role in another game in my junior year. In my sophomore year, I was not on the traveling squad but drove up to stay with my parents and attend the Santa Clara game just a few miles down the El Camino Real from my parents’ home. The game was at Buck Shaw Stadium on the Santa Clara Campus. Santa Clara’s campus is on the location of the historic Santa Clara Mission. In this game, which was another barn burner, Santa Clara must have gotten spiritual help because the Broncos won 14-7. The stadium was packed, and I think the game might have been televised. A big deal for College Division football teams.

     The Gauchos came on with a powerful offense at the beginning of the game, but the Broncos were out for revenge for their loss the previous year. this time, it was their homecoming game in their home stadium, and it was full of home fans. Because many of the Gaucho players were also from the Bay Area, there was a large contingent of UCSB fans there as well and I was among them. We lost, with the Bronco defense shutting us down in the second half this time.

     The next year, I was an active member of the varsity. My role was as long snapper to our future pro-kicker, Dave Chapple. Every time we were on offense, it was likely I would get in the game to either snap on a punt or snap to Tim Walker, our backup QB and holder, and my fraternity brother, for a field goal or extra point. I got to play enough to earn my letterman’s jacket my junior year. Our 1967 season was mediocre. Going into the home game in our new stadium, we were 4-4, having lost the previous two games in close contests against Hawaii and Valley State. The team was down for this game, and I remember walking from the locker room to the stadium with a cloud hanging over the players. The mood seemed to portend a lack of enthusiasm for the game. I wondered how Coach Curtice would get us fired up in his pregame speech. As it turned out, he didn’t have to.

     It was another homecoming, with dances, a downtown parade, bands, and two thousand showing up at a bonfire rally on campus. We were not part of the festivities because Coach Curtice always had us ensconced in a local motel the night before the game to protect us from the many temptations of Isla Vista, the student ghetto full of parties and comely coeds. 

     We were the underdogs in this game. Santa Clara was the sixth-ranked College Division team nationally. They were undefeated for the season, coming off of eight straight victories, including seven that fall.

     We crossed the practice fields and had to pass a parking lot full of Santa Clara booster buses. The well-lubricated Santa Clara fans, feeling their power, swore at us (good Catholic boys that they were), made remarks about our manhood, and generally gave us the business. Our coaches had to hold a few players back from wanting to fight.

     When we got into the team room under the stadium, the whole mood changed. The players, myself included, were so angry and fired up that the coaches simply leaned back and smiled. No pep talk was necessary. Coach Curtice could hardly hold us back. We ran with determination out of the team room, through the tunnel, between the band playing The Tijuana Brass song Brave Bull, and crushed the overconfident Broncos 34-7. It was one of the most amazing upsets I can remember. Emotions do make a world of difference in football competition.

     The school newspaper said that Bronco fans had torn down loudspeakers on the visitor side, and the cheerleaders exchanged taunts as Gaucho fans counted down the scores at the end of the game to rub it in.

     Quarterback Mike Hitchman completed 23 of 38 passes for 238 yards, and Tom Broadhead (who passed away just a week ago before I wrote this of cancer) broke the school rushing record.

     We played the Broncos at another grudge match at Buck Shaw Stadium during my senior year. It was their homecoming again and they were out to avenge their only loss the previous season. Coach Curtice put us up at Ricky’s, a hotel resort often used by football teams playing Stanford, now torn down and the site of condos. Ricky’s was just a couple of miles from my parents’ home, so I got to spend time there catching up on my studies while my teammates were stuck in the hotel. It was an evening game, and it was raining, making the field slippery and muddy. I remember seeing Gary Bianchini, a fraternity brother, former roommate, and the long snapper before me, waving in the stands. Gary was married and coaching wrestling at nearby Cupertino, where he grew up. Sadly, he was killed a few years later by a drunk driver.

     We took control of the game early on. Coach Curtice’s son, Jimmy, led the offense at quarterback. Tom Broadhead rushed for 176 yards and two touchdowns. Tom was a transfer from nearby Stanford. My roommate, Dick Heinz, led the defense at tackle, recovering two fumbles. Both Tom and Dick were later drafted by the NFL but didn’t play in the big time. We won that game 35-7. (I learned decades later at a football reunion that Dick suffered from schizophrenia and died homeless on the streets of San Francisco. He was an awesome defensive tackle, though an unusual roommate.)

     Santa Clara played UCSB in 1963, Coach Curtice’s first year as our head coach after being fired at Stanford. The Gauchos won 27-14 but lost the next season 21-0. After I graduated, the Gauchos and Broncos met three more times, with Santa Clara winning two and Santa Barbara finishing their long series rivalry with a 28-22 win in 1971, UCSB’s last season for over a decade.

     I remember playing on the alumni team in the spring game prior to that season. I shared the center position with three other alums. The alums had beaten the varsity the previous spring by one point. Sixty of us “Old Guys” showed up for the game from Coach Curtice’s teams in the sixties, plus some newbies from Coach Andy Everest’s previous year taking over his first year as Gaucho head coach.         Sadly, for the alums, we were hammered 34-0. Unfortunately, this victory did not predict the fall season, as it was a poor one. A student vote to raise funds to support a University Division program failed, and the team folded.

     Santa Clara had a long and storied football history, beginning in 1896 as a student-run club team. That year, they began a long-term rivalry with St. Mary’s College, playing them on Thanksgiving Day in what was billed as the “Little Big Game” modeled after the yearly Big Game between neighboring Stanford and Cal Berkeley. Santa Clara won 46-14. St. Mary’s didn’t field a team the following year but returned to play in 1898, this time losing to Santa Clara 56-0. Saint Mary’s took another hiatus from football, which included a switch to rugby when Teddy Roosevelt insisted the game develop safer rules. When the NCAA was established, teams returned to football, and after WWI, it returned to popularity. The Little Big Game was an annual event between the two Catholic colleges, with dominance alternating between them until Santa Clara dropped football in 1992 for the same reason that UCSB dropped it for the second time. The NCAA ruled that Division I schools must play Division I football, which became too expensive for Santa Clara, just as it did for my school.

     Some of Santa Clara’s best years were under Coach Buck Shaw, the namesake of their stadium. Shaw played for the storied teams of Knute Rockne at Notre Dame, opening holes at tackle for George Gipp, the Gipper, as in win one for the Gipper fame. They both made All-American.

     Shaw had two college head coach jobs before becoming line coach at Santa Clara from 1929 to 1935. He took over the head coach position in 1936, taking the Broncos to the Sugar Bowl for a New Year’s victory over LSU 21-14. The following year, Santa Clara had their best-ever season at 9-0, beating Stanford 13-7, San Jose State 25-2, and collecting victories over other West Coast Catholic colleges, including nearby St. Mary’s, San Francisco, and Loyola of Los Angeles. Shaw took his team to another Sugar Bowl and beat LSU again 6-0. He went on to become the SF 49ers’ first head coach, then Air Force Academy’s first head coach, and rounded out his coaching career with the Philadelphia Eagles, winning the NFL championship against Vince Lombardi’s Packers in 1960 before retiring.

     During Shaw’s years at Santa Clara, they always ranked at least in the top fourteen nationally during the season and as high as 9th in the national post-season AP poll. When they beat LSU 6-0, the Tigers were ranked 8th nationally, and the Broncos 9th.

     The Broncos had other notable seasons. They went to the Orange Bowl in 1949 and beat Bear Bryant’s Kentucky Wildcats 21-13. This was before Bryant went on to coach 25 years at his alma mater, Alabama. My dad’s friend, a Bama alum, had Bryant sign a book about his career, and I have it somewhere.

     The Broncos tied for first place in the Western Football Conference in 1983 and 1985. Another storied hall-of-fame coach was Pat Malley, whose father, George, coached for the San Francisco Dons, another local Santa Clara rival. Pat was head coach from 1959 to 1984. His son, Terry, took over as head coach in 1985, winning the conference in his first year as head coach. He stayed on with the Broncos until the program was canceled in 1992.

     Santa Clara has a large football alumni contingent and perhaps would be a good candidate for the revival of football should my dream of a club league ever materialize, with their support and interest from current students.

     Saint Mary’s of Moraga played their first football game in 1892. The college started with under 100 male students. They began a long series of playing Cal Berkeley in 1898, losing their first contest 51-0. For a number of years, St. Mary’s played rugby instead of football, as did most of the nation’s colleges. In 1915, they returned to the gridiron and beat Cal for the first time 10-9. They lost to Cal the following year.

     The 1917 season was the highlight of early Gaels football. The team went 8-1-1, tying a club team, the San Francisco Originals, 0-0 and beating USC in Los Angeles. They played mostly club and military teams, and an Indian school from Carson, Nevada, outscored their opponents for the season 199-46. Their only loss was to the Mare Island Marines, who went on to play in the fourth Rose Bowl in Pasadena against a Camp Lewis army team.

      Their final game was against Cal Berkeley for the mythical California state college championship. The Gaels opened up on the kickoff with a long run, bringing the fans to their feet and scoring their first touchdown. The game went back and forth until Cal barely pushed the pigskin over the goal line to narrow the score to 14-13. The Gaels fans stormed the field in protest, claiming the ball was just short. The ref prevailed, and Cal lined up to kick the extra point. St. Mary’s fans roamed up and down the sidelines, yelling to distract the kicker, all yelling boo as he approached the ball. He missed and the Gaels won both the game and the bragging rights to being the best football team in California. They were rated the best of the Western independent college football teams for 1917. What is remarkable was that St. Mary’s school population, all boys at the time, was only 250 students, averaging sixteen years old. The Oakland Tribune claimed “only twenty [were] football material.”

     Cal came back the next year and got revenge. Nineteen-nineteen was also the year that St. Mary’s began to play Stanford, then known as the Indians. In 1920, when St. Mary’s had just 71 students, Cal beat St. Mary’s 127-0, going on to an undefeated season and a Rose Bowl win against Ohio State. The Gaels continued their series against the Cal Bears until 1950, winning again in 1926 24-7. The Bears continued to dominate their neighbors throughout the ensuing decades. In 1922, the Gaels took a ship to Hawaii to play the Hawaii All-Stars and a military team, beating the All-Stars and losing to the military team.

     In 1923, they played a mix of military and club teams, beating Arizona 22-20. In 1924 they went 8-1, beating USC in the Coliseum, and Santa Clara in San Francisco’s Kezar Stadium in front of a crowd of 18,000. Kesar later became the 49er’s home stadium. In 1925, they went 8-2, taking the Far West Conference. They lost to Cal in front of 70,000 fans and to USC in front of 25,000. Eighteen thousand watched St. Mary’s beat Santa Clara in the Little Big Game.

     Nineteen-twenty-six was an undefeated season and a conference title, tying tough Gonzaga 0-0 and beating Santa Clara again in front of a huge crowd. In 1927, they beat Stanford for the first time and continued their domination over Santa Clara. In 1928, they were edged by Cal 7-0, lost to USC in front of 40,000, and beat Santa Clara again with 20,000 attending. In 1929, they were the top independent team in the nation, going 8-0-1, tying Cal in front of a packed stadium of screaming fans. Their 6-0 win over Santa Clara in Kezar drew 42,000. Their 24-0 trumping of UCLA drew 24,000, and their 31-0 win over Oregon filled Kezar with 45,000.

     The seasons from 1921 to 1939 were under the leadership of legendary Slip Madigan. This flamboyant, innovative, and entrepreneurial coach took the struggling Gaels to a 4-3 winning season, mostly against non-college opponents during his first year. He recruited heavily, with a promotors and salesman’s enthusiasm. His background was as a lineman for Notre Dame for Knute Rockne, called Slip for his ability to slip through the Irish’s opponents’ offensive line to make tackles. St. Mary’s, under Madigan, became a football phenomenon, a major football power with a student body of just around five hundred men. Slip also coached basketball and baseball. He made a deal with the university to be paid with a ten percent cut of the gate receipts. Ten percent of almost nothing when he first took over the team seemed like a deal to the university administration. When the Gaels began drawing tens of thousands to the games, Slip became the highest-paid college coach in the nation. He also arranged for a yearly trip to play big-time eastern football power Fordham University in New York. One year, he chartered a sixteen-car train for a four-day trip across the country. He promoted it to supporters, and two hundred joined the team on the trip in club cars, partying the whole way. The team only got water and had a gym car for on-the-go workouts. Slip got a kickback for each train ticket he sold to fans from the railroad. He dressed his team in silk pants and tear-away jerseys. He wore a natty white jacket and pink shirt on the sidelines during the game. The trip to Fordham became a yearly tradition. They faced the famous Seven Blocks of Granite in 1936, the linemen for Fordham, which included a young Vince Lombardi.

     Slip’s teams included first place in the Northern California Athletic Conference from 1925 to 1928, when they again became independent. In 1929, they went 8-0-1, were the nation’s top independent squad, tied Cal in front of 71,106, and beat Santa Clara, UCLA, and Oregon in of front of huge crowds. They went 8-1 in 1930 and were rated the third-best independent after Notre Dame and Loyola of LA and ahead of the likes of Harvard, Navy, Army, Arizona, Cornell, Penn, Miami, and Penn State. In 1931, they beat Cal 14-0 and USC 13-7, with 70,000 attending both games, and beat USF, Santa Clara, and SMU, the Southwest Conference Champions, in front of 50,000 at Kezar. They lost only to UCLA and the Olympic Club, finishing with an 8-2 season.

     In 1932, they went 6-2-1, losing only to Alabama and Fordham and tying Berkeley. The 1933 season was 6-3-1 against major powers, continuing to draw large crowds. 1934 was 7-2 and 1935 5-2-2. In 1936 they beat Cal in front of 60,000, and Loyola in the Coliseum, also with 60,000 attending. They lost to Santa Clara, then ranked number nine nationally, with 60,000 cramming into Kesar. In 1937 they began to taper off with a 4-3-2 record, though all their losses were close, except to Cal. In 1938, they were back on top again, going 6-2, only losing to Cal in the opener and tenth-ranked Fordham, both very close games. My mother was a coed at Cal in the thirties and likely attended these games. The Gaels beat eighth-ranked Santa Clara and the yet undefeated, eleventh-ranked Texas Tech in the Cotton Bowl.

     Knute Rockne once said of the Gaels, “None but the brave should schedule St. Mary’s.” Rockne’s former lineman, Slip, couldn’t get his former coach to put Notre Dame on the schedule and had to settle for Fordham.

     Slip was certainly a big personality and got the most out of his teams. A former Gael, who went on to coach the Oakland Raiders, said Slip was the “Greatest half-time actor since Knute Rockne.” He played on any sickness, death, or injury to jerk the players into a “win one for the Gipper” frenzy. He even used his own son, who had the flu, asking his team to win one for his dying son, until the son walked into the locker room. Oops.

     He used a supposed former Notre Dame star, Tom Deegan, as an example for his players to emulate. “Deegan would never fumble the football like that.” “Deegan would be proud of the way you blocked,” etc. There was no Deegan. Someone asked Madigan if Deegan ever won any games for Notre Dame. Slip answered, “Nope. But he’s won a lot of them for St. Mary’s.”

     Slip knew how to work the press. He sent the team’s publicist to New York to gin up interest in the Fordham game. The famous Grantland Rice heard the Gaels were so tough they ate raw meat. The publicist took Rice out for a steak, and to prove a point, he ate his own steak raw. While he was in the bathroom throwing up, Rice was writing up the publicity that brought in thousands to watch an obscure small Catholic college play the tough Fordham Rams in the Polo Grounds.

     Nineteen-thirty-nine was Slip’s worst season. The team went 3-4-1, losing to Cal, USF, Loyola, and Santa Clara. When the season ended, he was fired.

     He and the school administration had been at odds for a number of years, with Slip being the most important man on campus and the most outrageous. The football program was costing the university more money than they could afford, much of it Slip’s salary, and the gates weren’t covering all the expenses of the team’s trips, including the long train trips and side trips to the Grand Canyon and Cuba.

     The following year, a new coach took over, and the team went 5-3. The new coach led them to a 5-4 season in 1941, his last as head coach. James Phelam, another Notre Dame player, took over from 1942 until 1947. Phelam previously coached at Missouri, Purdue, and Washington. In his first season, he took the team to a 6-3-1 season, adding two military opponents. In 1943, they went 2-5 during wartime, including playing two military teams. This year was marked by the arrival of Herman Wedemeyer, a standout Hawaiian football player from St. Louis High School, who gave up scholarship offers to Ohio State and Notre Dame to play for the Gaels. (When I was a junior and we traveled to play the Rainbow Warriors in Honolulu we watched St. Louis, a powerful Catholic high school, beat Kamehameha the night before we played the University of Hawaii.)  Wedemeyer went on to star for the Gaels, becoming the first consensus All-American from Hawaii in 1945 and receiving All-American recognition again in 1946. Grantland Rice called him “America’s best athlete.” He played baseball, swimming, golf, and boxing at St. Mary’s in addition to coming in fourth for the Heisman trophy. Later, he played some pro football, acted for Hawaii Five-o, and was a local Hawaiian politician.

     Nineteen-forty-four was a tough season, and they went 0-5, playing mostly with seventeen-year-olds too young for the draft.

     In 1945 the war had just ended, the GI bill brought many vets into the college ranks, and stadiums filled with happy fans, glad the torment of war had finally ended. The Gaels bounced back to go 7-2, beat Cal in front of 75,000 and USC, the eventual Pac Conference champ, in front of 80,000. They lost to UCLA  17-13 in the Coliseum with a crowd of 87,000 attending. The Gaels went on to the Sugar Bowl, losing to Oklahoma A&M, the number-five ranked team nationally. St. Mary’s finished the season ranked seventh nationally.

     In 1946, they went 6-3, losing only to Cal in a close game, and UCLA, ranked four nationally, in front of 92,976, the largest crowd ever to watch a Gaels game. They got a bid to play number eleven Georgia Tech in the Oil Bowl but lost that contest. This was Wedemeyer’s last season; in addition to getting All-Coast honors, he was also recognized by some as an All-American for the second year in a row.

     Nineteen-forty-seven was Phelan’s last year as coach, and it was not a good one, with only three wins and seven losses coming off such an outstanding previous season. A new coach took over in 1948, staying two losing seasons. In 1950, another new coach took the helm, but the team went 2-7-1. Attendance was respectable, and they tied Georgia and beat Oregon but lost to all their Catholic college rivals and to number five-ranked Cal.

     Their final game was against Villanova at Kezar. Only 200 fans showed up. St. Mary’s promised Villanova ten thousand dollars to help cover travel expenses, but the poor attendance resulted in a minuscule gate, and the college went into the red to pay off the debt. Under economic stress, the university decided to end the football program. They had come a long way since their 1920 shellacking by Cal, with many years to be proud of.

     The school failed to field a team until students formed a club in 1967, paying the coach themselves and going 6-0, playing against frosh teams, a JC, a military squad, and Loyola U. The following year, they played in the first ever football game by the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, losing 27-30 in front of 8,000 fans. UNLV also played UCSD in their only attempt at fielding club football. The Gaels had a win against San Diego University.

     The Quarterback for the club team, Greg Huerte, was the brother of a Notre Dame Heisman Trophy winner, John Huerte. His favorite receiver was his brother, Jim. George Galli was hired to revive the Gaels program. In 1969, they only won one game against USD but lost to all the other Catholic colleges in the state. By 1970 St. Mary’s was back supporting a varsity football program at the Division III NCAA level, adding USD to their yearly schedule, continuing the series that began when the Gaels were still a club. By 1975 they revived their rivalry with Santa Clara, finally beating them in 1978.

     In 1980 the team moved up to Division II and offered scholarships for football. By 1983, they had developed a winning team against other California colleges. In 1986, they played my school, UCSB, for the first time. The Gauchos had revived a club team under Mike Warren, our team captain, and a fraternity brother when I played. I watched his team scrimmage Cal Poly in 1985 when I was on a sabbatical there. The Gaels continued playing Santa Barbara for six seasons until the Gauchos folded as a team again in 1991. The Gaels had the edge with a 4-2 record against the Gauchos, who did not offer scholarships.

     The Gaels went 8-3 in 1987, losing to Santa Barbara, Cal Lutheran, and Sonoma State, but beating eight California teams. The next season was the only undefeated, untied season in the school’s history, going 10-0 against other California colleges and one school from Indiana. They generally had winning seasons in the nineties, mostly against other California colleges.

     In 1997, things started to slip. In 1993, the football team was forced, by that same NCAA rule that hurt so many football programs, to move their football team up to Division I in order for their other sports to remain D-I. Now, the Gaels had to compete with colleges that offered more scholarships than St. Mary’s could afford. They held on as a D-I team until the end of the 2003 season when they won only a single game and were playing mostly out of state.

     In early March, the university announced that it was canceling football and redirecting the funds to support other sports. This caused great disappointment on the part of the coaches, who had recruited a good crop of new players and were looking forward to the next season. Coaches had to call up those who committed to St. Mary’s to tell them the program was caput. Tears were shed. Some recruits had given up offers to play elsewhere to commit to the Gaels. It was going to be hard for them to find teams to join. The players who still had eligibility were let down. It was late to look for transfers to new football schools and few were left in the state by this time.

     Sad as it was that the program died a second death, there may be hope. St. Mary’s has such a long and storied football history and plenty of alums, many former players still relatively young compared to football alums elsewhere; it might be possible to resurrect a club team, just as was done so many years ago.

Collegiate Football Structure

There are two major organizations that regulate collegiate football and other sports in the United States: the National Collegiate Athletic Association, known as the NCAA, and the National Association of Intercollegiate Athletics, known as the NAIA. Of the two, the NCAA is far and away the largest and best-known organization. All the extant college football programs in California (except the new Simpson and Lincoln teams) are members of the NCAA. The majority of the colleges that canceled their football programs are also members.

            The NCAA nationally has 1,117 member schools, sponsors 100 athletic conferences, fielding 19,750 teams, offering half a million college athletes competition, with 90 national championships in twenty-four sports for both men and women. The organization is divided into three divisions, each with separate rules related to competition, academic eligibility, scholarships, and even spectator attendance. These rules played a role in forcing some of California’s colleges to drop their football programs. This was especially true for my own college, UC Santa Barbara. Their revived program was doing just fine until the rule requiring Division I schools to have all sports, including football, play at the Division I level. This became too expensive for the university. Students voted down a steep increase in fees to support a major upgrade for the football program, and it died.

            In 1991 all three of the NCAA divisions adopted a provision that prevented Division I schools from classifying their football teams in Division II or Division III. This also applied to Division II programs. They could not classify their football teams in Division III. The rules for Division I football not only allow but require a huge number of scholarships for their football teams. This can cost the schools millions, along with travel, coaches’ and auxiliary personnel’s salaries, equipment, and field maintenance. Only a small number of the most successful and well-established football programs make a profit that can be plowed back into their collegiate athletic programs. Most have to be subsidized by their institutions, student fees, and alumni donations.

            Football has a slightly different system for classifying their Division I programs for competition compared to other sports. The major football powers are classed as D-I Football Bowl Subdivision or FBS. These are the big-time schools with long histories of football competition going back over a century for many. They are required to grant up to 85 full scholarships for football and must have at least an average of 15,000 attending home games. This is big-money football. Only the largest and most competitive schools attempt to field football programs at this level.

            California currently has seven FBS football programs. The best known are UC Berkeley, Stanford, UCLA, and USC, all in the Pacific 12 Conference (or were when I wrote this), along with schools in Arizona, Washington, Colorado, Oregon, and Utah. In addition, three state universities are members of the D-I FBS: Fresno State, San Jose State, and San Diego State. All are in the twelve-team Mountain West Conference, playing against schools in Hawaii, Idaho, Wyoming, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, and Colorado (though this is now in flux).

            Football also has a second D-I category, the Football Championship Subdivision. These schools have less funding, do not have to meet minimum fan attendance averages, and are eligible to play in a post-season national championship tournament. California has four D-I FCS football programs. Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo, Sacramento State, and UC Davis play in the Big Sky Conference along with ten other colleges from all the nearby western states except Nevada. My college used to play each of these schools. Cal Poly was the local rival, and at one time, Santa Barbara would play UC Davis in a preliminary game before the UC Berkeley vs. UCLA game. The fourth D-I FCS school is the University of San Diego, a Catholic college not far from San Diego State. They play in the Pioneer Conference made up of nine teams spread all over the country. The largest has over 11,000 students, and the smallest has less than 2000.

            Of the California colleges that are currently in Division I but do not sponsor football, all but two previously were football schools. Budget problems, rules, and lack of support from their institutions resulted in football’s demise. Some of these programs were at one time well-known and long established. My college played most of them at one time or another but vanished along with them as far as football competition goes. There are eleven D-I former football schools and two D-I universities, UC Irvine and CSU Bakersfield, that never attempted to support football teams.

            The next division in the NCAA is D-II. The schools in this division usually offer partial scholarships, there is no game attendance requirement, and in football, there is a postseason tournament to determine a D-II national champion. With the cancelation of Humboldt State’s program in 2018, California only fielded one D-II football program, Azusa-Pacific University, which later dropped football. They played in the Great Northwest Athletic Conference, doing home and home contests against one school in Oregon, one in Washington, and one in British Columbia. Azusa-Pacific recently canceled its successful football program after the lost Covid-19 season of 2020, ending all D-II football competition in California. There are 21 D-II non-football schools in California. Nine of these used to have football teams.

     UCSB played most of them at one time or another in the past, including CSU Los Angeles in a bowl game for the College Division (which no longer exists) championship in 1965. Though the Santa Barbara Gauchos lost to LA State’s team, members still meet each year to remember the Camellia Bowl Game. Before UCSB had to cancel football in 1991, they were able to compete against the remaining D-II teams in the state without having to offer scholarships.  Gradually, all these teams folded except for Azusa-Pacific, until the 2020 cancellation of the program.

        The smaller schools play in Division Three. California fielded eight D-III football programs, all in the Southern California Intercollegiate Athletic Association. Each is only a bus ride away from its opponents’ home fields. There are three other D-III colleges that do not field football; one is an all-girls college, and another, UC Santa Cruz, was once labeled a hippie school. Cal Tech had been in the football conference with its neighbors, but no more. UCSB, when it revived its program in 1985 after restarting as a club team, played initially as a D-III team against some of the extant D-III programs. D-III schools do not offer athletic scholarships. All of the D-III programs in Southern California are private colleges. Recently, Occidental canceled its football program, which had existed since 1894. Whittier also did but is bringing it back. Menlo College was once a D-III program before moving to the NAIA so they could offer scholarships.

      Nationally, the number of NCAA football programs is growing. There are 134 D-I FBS football teams and 129 D-I FCS teams out of the approximately 364 D-I university members. California, the country’s most populous state, now only fields those eleven remaining programs. Of the 304 D-II classified schools, there are 162 that field football teams. None are left in California. There are 431 D-III colleges and 240 field football teams. California has just six left out of eleven DIII schools, all in the greater LA region. These figures often change as new programs are added or deleted, or they move into different divisions or even a different association.

      NCAA football is expensive and has strict rules for eligibility, scholarships, and conformity for all sports to play in the same division, or above in sports that do not offer national championship tournaments in their divisions. For those California schools that lost their football programs, a return to the NCAA appears unlikely. Even the non-scholarship D-III football programs average 1,790,000 dollars a year in cost. The bigger programs can cost tens of millions. Overall, D-I and D-II NCAA college athletes receive 2.9 billion dollars in scholarships each year, with a large portion going to football players. Football has the greatest number of players and gets the largest portion of scholarships, though women’s sports have to balance out with similar amounts of support.

       What about the NAIA? Their academic requirements are less stringent, and they support programs in relatively small colleges. California used to have NAIA football schools, but after Menlo canceled their program in 2014 there are zero left, except for the new Simpson program. Nationally, the NAIA has 237 college members, with 65,000 athletes playing in 21 conferences. There are 97 NAIA football teams that compete for a shot at a national championship. California’s 18 NAIA colleges are all small private schools sponsored by religions, except Cal Maritime and the new UC Merced campus, both state-supported. Three of these schools used to field football teams. NAIA colleges offer athletic scholarships. This would make it difficult for revived California teams to fund football; in addition, most schools that once had NAIA football are currently NCAA affiliated.

      There are a few other very small organizations that sponsor collegiate athletic competition. The United States Collegiate Athletic Association has about 77 members; only three play football, and none are in California. This association was designed specifically for very small colleges to allow them to compete against similar size schools for national championships. The fee to join is pretty steep, five thousand dollars. Some members also compete as D-III or NAIA schools. Their website lists football as an “emerging” sport in their organization.

     An interesting collegiate athletic association that seems to overlap with both the NCAA and NAIA is the National Christian Collegiate Athletic Association, the NCCAA. This organization sponsors post-season championship tournaments for Christian-affiliated colleges, most of them fairly small institutions. Nationally, there are six NCCAA football schools. Azusa-Pacific used to compete in their post-season football tournament before going NCAA D-II, winning the national football title once. California has one very obscure college member of this organization which doesn’t play football.

      This is the last of the institutionally sponsored varsity collegiate athletic associations that might sponsor football in California. Still, with the current climate and expense, the rules for competition, and the lack of members already with football in the state, it seems unlikely that any of the schools that once sponsored teams would attempt to revive football under one of these organizations’ umbrellas. (Though it seems Whittier is doing this as I write this.)

      There are some other models for football teams that exist back east. These are organizations that sponsor club football. No collegiate club football programs remain in California, though some of the colleges, including UCSB, once sponsored club teams. These are different from varsity programs. They are not funded by the college’s athletic departments. They do not follow either NCAA or NAIA rules. This means there are no academic requirements, and grad students and even sometimes institutional employees and alums can join the teams. They are usually student-run and often funded by the students themselves. These teams are usually supervised by the institutions’ recreation departments.

     The best-known club football organization is the National Club Football Association, which has 27 college football clubs divided into six small regional leagues and one independent team in Colorado, the farthest west program. All of these teams are in mid-western, southern, or eastern states except the team in Colorado.  (a recent view of their website shows 14 and no Colorado team. Either programs died or were converted to other organizations.). There is a national playoff and the organization tries to create a similar feeling to what the bigger organizations provide. They have rules that promote a club-type environment. The cost of these programs is way less than even D-III schools. Some clubs play exhibition games against D-III and NAIA schools. A few of these programs have replaced varsity programs that were dropped; some are in small schools, and some are in addition to varsity NCAA programs in large universities. Some type of club organization in California seems the best way to resurrect dead football teams in the state’s schools.

      Besides the NCFA, there is also a Club Division College Football conference called the Yankee Collegiate Football Conference, consisting of eight teams from small colleges, some trade schools, and one non-college club. These also get games where they can, against community colleges, prep academies, and D-III or NAIA schools. I found another organization called the Intercollegiate College Club Football Association. It had a Facebook page but was not updated, so it was hard to check its current status. There may also be an organization that sponsors college athletes who form club teams consisting of members attending different schools in the area.

     Could California’s colleges form enough viable club football programs to make a worthwhile competitive football conference? If you look at other sports with similar numbers of athletes and nearly similar costs to function, it seems possible. The idea held by many that only big-time collegiate football is worth supporting may get in the way, but the push to go big time is what killed many of the previously functioning programs, like my own undergrad college.

     If we look at varsity equivalent sports in California today that are run as clubs, there are some good examples of success and sustainability. Fifty-plus years ago, I was a graduate student at UCSB. A few undergrads from back east, where lacrosse was a popular collegiate and high school sport, started a club team. I attended a few of their practices on an empty lot with equipment they probably brought with them from New York or Ohio. It was a real pickup type of start. I got to play a few brief moments in a game against UCLA, not knowing the least about the game and only being recruited to play while walking from the library with my wife. Years later, I visited campus and discovered the sport prospered as a club, has its own field, paid coaches, and was a member of a 14-team conference with two divisions. There are also teams playing in another conference in Southern California. Lacrosse has become a popular sport not only in colleges but also in California’s high schools and youth clubs. All but a couple of California colleges run their lacrosse teams as a club sport. Clubs don’t offer scholarships and are largely student-run.

     The same goes for collegiate rugby football in the state. Again, I played more seriously on the first revived UCSB rugby club, started by a Canadian volunteer, and then was built into a strong program the next year by our rugby-playing quarterback coach, Rod Sears. We drove to our away games, lined the fields ourselves, had old soccer jerseys for uniforms, and were able to win a major tournament against other clubs, both collegiate and non-college, held on Catalina Island. Today, the program continues, and a few years ago, under an outstanding coach, they played in the national collegiate club championship finals.

      These two very successful programs, now lasting over fifty years, had very basic beginnings. Why not club football? Around the same time frame, our college began a club rowing team. I wanted to join my grad year, but school, work, and a new marriage prevented this. This program continues as a club today with great success, especially when a women’s club was established.

       I was curious to see what organization the newest California State University joined for their student athletic program. CSU Channel Islands, a close neighbor to UCSB and the 23rd state university hired an organization to research the possibility of joining a D-II program by the mid-2010s.  According to their website, it was determined the cost was currently too great, and it was put on hold. They do offer a number of sports programs as clubs, some of which compete against varsity college programs. Lacrosse is one, along with volleyball, soccer, baseball, hockey, sailing, and even cheer. So, their school has decided to go exclusively with club sports, at least for the time being.

     There would need to be at least four club football teams to make a viable initial club conference. This is about the size of the leagues back east in the NCFA. The clubs would need alumni support to get off the ground, volunteer coaches, funding for equipment purchase, and coordination with the recreation departments at their schools for equipment storage and field use. Referees would have to be hired and schedules arraigned with other clubs and with community colleges and JV squads from established varsity teams. If such a conference were to get off the ground, like the club sports mentioned above, it would be highly likely other colleges would join, as was the case of lacrosse and rugby.

      Is there a need for such a club program? Who would be interested in participating? Let’s look at the likely source of student participants in California.

      High school athletics is structured under the California Interscholastic Federation. There are currently over a thousand high schools sponsoring football programs in the ten CIF sections, ranging from fifteen schools in the San Francisco City Section to 567 schools in the huge Southern Section. Most of the sections sponsor multiple leagues in multiple divisions, including 111 eight-man football teams at the smallest schools.

      If each school graduates just five seniors who might want to go on to play college football, that equals at least 5000 potential freshman recruits for universities and colleges that still offer football. Some potential players will join existing teams, go out of state, or play for California’s community colleges.

     Participation in football has gone down in recent years as students gravitate to more sedentary activities, play other sports, or have moms fearful of potential injuries associated with the sport. However, football still remains viable in the vast majority of high schools and, for many, is the most unifying aspect of their school programs. Much of high school life revolves around fall football, homecoming celebrations, parades, post-game dances, cheerleading, marching bands, parent booster clubs, and Friday night or Saturday afternoon games.

     If each of the 20 California collegiate football teams were to absorb as many as twenty freshman footballers, a highly unlikely number, this would only be four hundred spots open to those thousands who might want to continue playing after high school. A more likely number might be ten new players for each program, allowing for only 200 spots. Some freshmen will have to go out of state if they want to continue playing.

      Of course, most community colleges in California offer varsity football programs for their students. The California Community College Athletic Association regulates competition for thousands of community college athletes. The CCCAA has two football conferences, North and South, each divided into five leagues, with a total of over sixty football teams. If each of these community college teams had just five sophomores who wanted to continue playing after graduation, that would mean an additional approximately 345 experienced players might be looking for places to continue playing the sport they love.

     It seems quite possible, then, that if a club system of college football were established in schools that used to field teams in years gone by, there would probably be enough interested students to field a potentially large number of teams.

      The mindset would be different from what students think of when they imagine big-time football: huge crowds, TV broadcasts of games, and all that goes with the big-time football that we see on TV each weekend. Club football would have to return to the game the way it was played in the beginning, for fun.

      Schools that once sponsored football that might be able to sponsor club teams in the future:

Southern California:                                                  Northern California:

UCSB                                                                             Humboldt State

UC Riverside                                                                Chico State

UCSD                                                                            Sonoma State

Pepperdine                                                                 San Francisco State

Cal Baptist                                                                   CSU East Bay

Vanguard                                                                     Menlo College

Azusa-Pacific                                                               St. Mary’s University                                  

CSU Northridge                                                          University of San Francisco

CSU LA                                                                          Santa Clara University

CSU Long Beach                                                          University of the Pacific

Cal Tech

CSU Fullerton

Cal Poly Pomona

Loyola-Marymount

Occidental

Universities that could sponsor club football but have no history of the sport:

CSU Stanislaus

UCSC

UC Irvine

CSU Monterey Bay

UC Merced

CSU Channel Islands

CSU Bakersfield

CSU San Bernardino

CSU San Marcos

CSU Dominquez Hills

Cal Maritime

There are also numerous medium to small private colleges capable of fielding teams. Some are D-II level programs in other sports.

Menlo College Oaks: California’s Last NAIA Football Team

Menlo College is a small four-year private, liberal arts institution located in the upscale suburban community of Atherton, California. It was founded in 1927 as a two-year institution geared originally to preparing male students for transfer to nearby Stanford University. Football had been an important part of Menlo’s student life since 1929. Oaks’ teams frequently had success competing against other junior colleges during its many years as a two-year institution. Outstanding Menlo players had successful football careers, transferring to major football universities, with some even making the pros.

            In 1986, the school leadership decided to convert to a four-year bachelor’s degree awarding institution. That same year, they sponsored a football team that competed as a Division III non-scholarship program. They did well for their first year playing other four-year colleges with a 4-4-1 season mark. The following year the team went 7-2, earning a D III playoff spot, the only postseason game in their history. They lost 17-0 to Central College of Iowa. They continued as a D III football program, playing schools in California and nearby states in the Northwest Conference until 2011, when the football program joined the other school sports as part of the NAIA. In order to play other NAIA schools, they had to drop affiliation with the Northwest Conference and seek new opponents, though their schedule continued initially to include the same D III teams.

     By transferring to the NAIA, Menlo was able to offer athletic scholarships to its football players, enabling the school with only 750 students to recruit players that allowed Menlo to compete with bigger schools and schedule D II and even D I teams. The D III schools in the LA area and the Northwest Conference did not offer scholarships and eventually sought other competition. Many of Menlo’s potential opponents in the Bay Area and Northern California had dropped football, leaving only D I university programs that way outclassed the little college nearby.

     Menlo began to have difficulties finding teams to play. They were the only NAIA football team left in California, so they had to seek out-of-state teams or much stronger programs in order to fill a schedule. The closest NAIA football program was 700 miles away.  

     In 2014, the Oaks played six home games and five on the road. Three of the teams they played were D II scholarship offing NCAA teams. They also scheduled the Sacramento State Hornets, a D I program. Sac State had 30,000 students, played in the Big Sky Conference, and scheduled Cal Berkeley, Cal Poly, UC Davis, and other D I schools.

     Menlo was able to cobble together a schedule playing mostly out-of-state teams. Their first game was at home versus the Eastern Oregon Mountaineers, a NAIA Frontier Conference team ranked 17th nationally. The Oaks lost 45-27. Their next game was played in Atherton against the Southern Oregon Raiders, also from the Frontier Conference, ranked 22nd nationally.  A second loss resulted, 51-14.  The next game required them to travel to Canada to play the NCAA D II Great Northwest Athletic Conference affiliated Simon Frazier University. The Oaks won 31-24. They faced a huge challenge in Sacramento, losing 59-14. The Oaks hosted the next three games. Fourth-ranked NAIA Webber International of Florida won 20-17. Arizona Christian of Phoenix, playing their first football season, lost 35-14. Wesley College, a 7th-ranked NCAA D III team, won 70-2. The two came on a long snap that went over the punter’s head and out of the end zone, giving the Oaks their only score. Menlo was back on the road again, losing to Dixie State in Utah, a NCAA GNAC D II team, 28-6. The following week the Oaks went to Phoenix for a return game against the Arizona Christian Firestorm, winning 52-24. The Olivet Nazarene team visited and won in a tight game, 28-21. The final game was against a D II powerhouse ranked 22nd with a 10-1 record, Azusa-Pacific down in Azusa.        The Oaks lost their final game 54-0. Little did they know that this was not only their final game of a difficult season but also the last game of football Menlo College would ever play.

       February first, an hour before the Super Bowl, students gathering in the student lounge to watch the game received e-mails from Dr. Richard Moran, the college president. The football program at Menlo was canceled after a meeting of the board of trustees. The reaction among the students was negative, not only because a long-term program was dropped but also the way it was announced, without any warning to the players or coaches or any consultation with the student body or alumni.

     According to Dr. Moran, it was not a matter of finances, as Menlo had enough money to keep the program going. It was more about where to allocate the resources of the college. To find opponents meant either traveling great distances, taking students away from their classes, or paying colleges large fees to subsidize their travel to Atherton. The administration determined that funds could be better used for other purposes. So, Menlo, after nearly a century of football competition, dropped its program. At least football players were able to keep their promised scholarships and would be helped to transfer to other colleges so they could continue playing or be enabled to join one of the other remaining varsity teams. The president promised to add club teams, such as rugby, and an intramural program. There was a rugby program for about three years, but it didn’t last.

     The reasons Menlo dropped their program were similar to why Chico State dropped their football team after a conference-winning season. The cost of travel out of state to find D II teams to play became prohibitive. The same happened to Humboldt State, the last D II team in Northern California. Azusa-Pacific was the only D-II team left and had to travel out of state to play, so they, too, dropped their program. There are no D III football teams in Northern California, and with Menlo gone, no NAIA football programs are left in the state at all. (Since I wrote this the newest football program in California is in Redding at Simpson College. They have joined the Frontier Conference of the Northwest, an NAIA-affiliated conference.)

     The disappointment of Menlo’s students at the loss of their football program has faded over the years. At the time of the announcement of the cancellation, the president opened up the possibility of a reinstatement of football should other schools in the area return to the game, an unlikely scenario.

      Of course, what I am proposing is an alternative to NAIA or NCAA football. Club football could create an environment that would avoid the rules of those two venerable institutions, stress student-run teams, and participation for the fun of it rather than for scholarships. It might just make the Menlo president’s conjecture, probably meant to appease the hurt feelings of his students, actually come to fruition.

      Menlo has one of the best websites for athletics I have seen. They have an excellent site recounting information on their former football program. Their Hall of Fame recipients are listed on another link. Former football players going back to the 1930s make up the largest portion of honored athletes. Just to recount a few that stood out shows what a small college can produce if given the opportunity.

      Paul Latzke, 1960-61, went on to play for the University of Pacific (a canceled program) then play for the 49ers, Chargers, and Broncos. Chuck Shea played four sports: football, basketball, golf, and track and field. He went on to play for Stanford and was their leading rusher in 1957. Mike Simmons went on to play defensive back for UC Riverside, helping the Highlanders win back-to-back conference titles and earning honorable mention all-conference in 1975, UCR’s last football season. Zamir Amin held a number of NCAA records and made All-American in 2001.

      There are also Menlo Hall of Famers who did some unique things.  Bud Adams, 1940-41, played rugby and football for the Oaks. He founded the AFL Houston Oilers after a successful career in the oil business. The franchise eventually joined the NFL and moved to Tennessee as the Titans.

      Mark Speckman overcame his lack of hands to successfully play line in 1972-74. He transferred to Azusa-Pacific, where he earned honorable mention all-American in 1976. He went on to coach college. His team included the first female college football player.

       Then there is a writer, Nate Jackson, who tried out for Cal Poly’s football team and got cut. He transferred to Menlo, where he played from 2003 to 2006, earning D III all-American all three seasons. He made the Denver Broncos squad and played for a variety of professional leagues, including in Europe. He has written several books, including Slow Getting Up: A Story of NFL Survival From the Bottom of the Pile.

            Fifty-eight of the Menlo Hall of Fame athletes played football. Now, there will be no more to add to that storied legacy.

            Since I wrote this essay, a new NAIA football program was recently established at Simpson College in Redlands, CA. They play colleges in the Northwest. Lincoln University of Oakland has recently established a new program. They play a variety of DII and even some DI university programs, mostly out of state. All their games so far are away as they have no stadium. They struggle, but the idea is for players to be seen playing against higher-level programs in hopes of being considered as potential pro players. There have been some controversies over the level of financial support provided by the athletic department for the players.

UCSB’s Temporary Football Reincarnation

In April of 2022, my wife and I drove down to the annual All-Gaucho Reunion of UC, Santa Barbara alumni. This yearly gathering of alumni was founded by Jim Barber, one of our former teammates, who passed away a few years ago from ALS.

        Each April, aging former Gaucho football players, mostly from the 1960s who played for Cactus Jack Curtis, gather at a motel in Goleta to share memories and honor their years representing our school on the gridiron. This reunion was of particular importance because we gathered at the Athletic Department’s Hall of Fame auditorium to celebrate the career of Donn Bernstein, UCSB’s first Sports Information Director and a friend to all former Gauchos. Bernie passed away in New York City a couple of years prior. With Covid, the alumni were just able to celebrate his life as restrictions eased.

        In the video about Bernie’s storied career were interviews with two former Gaucho players. Ironically and sadly, these two had passed away since having been interviewed for the video. One of them was our former linebacker, captain, rugby player, and fraternity brother, Mike Warren. Mike had been a successful high school football coach and helped bring back Gaucho football in the mid to late 1980s. Most of us went from the memorial for Donn Bernstein to the celebration of life for our teammate, Mike Warren.

      This was perhaps one reason why one of the younger Gaucho footballers attended our yearly gathering in Goleta. Brad Tisdale graduated nearly two decades after most of us. The core of the football alumni had played in the Camelia Bowl against Cal State LA in 1965 and earned honors in the Hall of Fame as a result.

       I got into a long conversation with Brad about his years playing for the Gauchos. Brad was one of the founders of UCSB’s club football program, started by students who wished to continue playing the game they enjoyed in high school. Brad was deeply involved in getting the program started. I am an advocate of reviving canceled college football programs by bringing them back as clubs to avoid the expense, NCAA rules, and Title Nine restrictions, so I was fascinated with his recounting of his efforts to establish a club program.

      In 1981, there had been no football team at UCSB for a decade. The university’s attempt at competing as a major college program failed in 1971. After two difficult years, when the university did not provide needed funding, a student referendum to raise fees to support a major program was promoted by the athletic department. The vote failed, forcing the university to cancel football as too expensive to support at the major college level.

         I had heard of the student-led attempt to revive football, and Brad was a major part of that effort. I asked him for his card and said I would like to interview him and write about his experience. Months later I e-mailed Brad requesting a phone interview. We finally connected by phone in August.

         Brad gave me a history of his time advocating for a return of Gaucho football. He was a local Santa Barbara football player, having graduated from Santa Barbara High School in 1980, where he played for the famous Dons coach, Mike Moropoulos, a 1954 UCSB MVP and team captain.

         When Brad moved on campus as a sophomore in 1981, he saw a flyer put out by a fellow student, Gary Rhodes, calling a meeting of students interested in starting up a club football program. Brad joined Gary to help organize a campaign to promote student support for a return to Gaucho football. Their idea was to request funding from the Student Association by passing a referendum asking for a three-dollar increase in student fees. Gary and Brad took their petition to the long lines of students at open registration. They heard various opinions, both pro and con, about funding a football program, but were able to receive thousands of signatures. This put the initiative on the spring ballot. To pass the increase in funding required a 2/3 majority vote, with at least 20% of the student body voting. Gary and Brad decided to go ahead in the spring of 1982 and start a club program.          This would help promote interest in the student community and provide the groundwork for the upcoming election. An intrasquad game was planned using borrowed equipment from the local high schools. The high school coaches were supportive, and several UCSB football alums, including Mike Moropoulos, John Stoney, and Sut Puailoa, coached for free. I did my student teaching at San Marcos High School when Stoney was head coach, and Puailoa (1929-2006) was backfield coach. Puailoa later led the Royals as head coach to Channel League championships and is a UCSB Athletic Hall of Fame inductee.

       The 1982 Spring Game was played in Harder Stadium, where I once played. The two teams of about 30-40 students were divided up according to where they were from; Northern California vs. Southern California. They paid for their own jerseys, Blue and Gold. Their football pants were borrowed practice pants from the local high schools.

       Gary and Brad coordinated obtaining insurance, donations, sponsorships, and working with the volunteer coaches, as well as playing. I remember getting a request from Coaches Stoney and Puailoa for a donation, so I wrote my check for 25 dollars and sent it off.

       They practiced for two weeks, had lots of fun, and the game went off well, attracting a small crowd of curious fans, about 1500. I don’t know if Brad remembers who won. The fact that football was again being played in Harder Stadium was the important part; it was fun, and plenty of young men were willing to join the program.

      The vote was held in the Spring. A majority of students voted to raise their fees by three dollars to support the program, but the required 2/3 majority was not reached. Shades of 1971.

      This did not discourage Brad and Gary, and their supporters. They went ahead with a second petition and another Spring Game in 1983. This time, the game was called the Curtice Bowl, honoring our famous coach from the 1960s. To garner community support, the game was organized as UCSB vs. the Santa Barbara Community. Former local football players, not more than five years out of high school, competed against the Gaucho Squad.

      Brad said an effort was made to draw in community support, sponsorships, business ads in the game program, and TV sports coverage. They made plans for another petition and campaign to win funding support from the Student Association by getting the required two-thirds majority in the next election. They decided not to wait and to go ahead with a fall season in 1983.

      The father of one of the players donated money for uniforms, and they were able to build a schedule that included eight games against Division-III teams, such as Redlands and Pomona, Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo’s JV, a Ventura semi-pro team, and Edwards Airforce Base. After two weeks of practice, they faced Redlands in October, well into the other schools’ D-III season. As the season progressed, Brad remembers that they won about half their games; they even had a homecoming game. One of the players managed a cheerleading squad. Coaching support came from Mike Moropoulos, Sut Puailoa, Joby Nunez (also a UCSB alum and local coach), and others, including Floyd Little, a former NFL player and owner of a Ford dealership.

       The program remained a club, but not part of the recreation club system, so it was entirely run by club members with the support of the community. Mel Gregory, who worked in the school administration and was also a Gaucho football alum as well as rugby coach, acted as club sponsor. Another Gaucho vet, Ernie Zomalt, who also worked in the school administration, supported the reintroduction of football. Volunteers did the athletic training. The recruited players came with a variety of motivations, explained Brad. Some only made one practice a week, while others showed real dedication. Many were from the previous spring games. The season was considered a successful start, though done on a shoestring.

       Brad and Gary spent the offseason talking with Associated Student officers and fraternity members, playing politics to promote a successful outcome in the next student referendum. The spring election of 1984 came and went. Sixty-three percent of voting students favored adding to their fees to support the program, just a few votes short of the required two-thirds.

       Brad, Gary, and company persisted and went ahead with another season in the fall, playing Redlands again, the University of San Diego, Cal Poly’s JV, Pomona College, and a few others. They managed to clobber Cal Western, just as our team did in 1966 at the first game in the new Harder Stadium. Brad’s role was vice president, and Gary was president until he graduated, and Brad took over as club president.

       The Spring election of 1985 would be the club’s third attempt at getting funding from the student body. This time they asked for an increase of just a dollar and a half added to student fees. The two-thirds mark was achieved, and the funding for football was approved. Brad and Gary’s persistence finally paid off. They hired Mike Warren, who left his teaching and successful coaching job at Lompoc High School and took over the coaching duties as head coach, assisted by Rick Candaele. I watched UCSB scrimmage Cal Poly in 1985 while on a mid-career sabbatical leave, taking classes at Cal Poly, SLO.

       Under Coach Warren, the Gauchos moved from being a club to being accepted into the ranks of NCAA Division-III football. Division-III does not allow scholarships, making it affordable for the University.

       Brad devoted his last terms at UCSB to training students to take over his leadership role after he graduated. In the Spring of 1985, he compiled a list of high school football players who were graduating and considering attending UCSB. He also made a list of coaches to contact who might make recommendations to their athletes to join the Gauchos. Brad sent recruiting letters to students. He graduated in the Fall of 1985 and went on to new adventures. He said his time promoting and helping restart Gaucho football was the equivalent of an academic major. The experience was invaluable. It later paid off when Stan Morrison, UCSB’s athletic director, went searching for Brad in Riverside and offered him a job. He was hired to work with the athletic department in 1987.

       I asked Brad what obstacles he had to overcome to get the program off the ground. Certainly, adequate funding was needed. They were able to buy equipment with donations. They were allowed to store football gear in Roberson Gymnasium and pay for helmet recertification. Chuck Loring, who owned a local clothing store, provided clothing for the coaches. Other business people, such as former Gaucho and fraternity brother, Dave Hardy, who owned a restaurant, traded meals for ads in the game programs. Other resources were obtained by trade.

      They obtained some income from gate receipts, but students attended for free. Attendance was low for a 17,000-seat stadium, usually between 1000 to 2000, making the place seem empty. Brad said this is about average for Division-III football games. Their best-attended game was a homecoming, with cheerleaders, and homemade floats parading around the field at half-time, made by fraternities and sororities, almost like the old days when the homecoming parade went down State Street in downtown Santa Barbara. They made an effort to revive old traditions. Brad estimated that 10,000 attended that game.

      The program that Brad and Gary began lasted for ten years. Mike Warren eventually returned to Lompoc to finish out his teaching and coaching career, and Rick Candaele took over as head coach. Both coaches did so well playing D-III teams that they quit wanting to play the Gauchos, so UCSB, with no scholarships, started playing Division-II teams and continued with winning seasons. The last season was in 1991 when the NCAA ruled that Division-I schools in basketball, baseball, and other NCAA sports must also field Division-I football teams. This required scores of full scholarships, expensive travel and coaching pay, a requirement for large numbers of spectators at home games, and matching Title Nine funding for women’s sports.

       The athletic department again went to the Student Association to ask for an increase in student fees to support the required big-time program. My son was a student there at the time and voted to support the football program, but it failed, and Gaucho football was canceled for the second time.

       An effort was made to establish a Division-I no-scholarship conference with the other California universities that fielded teams, but the effort failed. It was predicted with the new NCAA ruling most of the other schools would soon have to drop football as too expensive, and that eventually did happen.

      Still, what these young men accomplished was remarkable. I am sure the experience, difficult as it may have been at times, was perhaps the most rewarding part of their college years, and something to be very proud of. The makeshift beginnings morphed into a full-blown successful varsity program that lasted for a decade, didn’t break the university’s bank account, and provided hundreds of young men a chance to continue the sport they loved while attending a first-class university in a beautiful setting.

      Brad says they have their own reunions of players from the second era of Gaucho football. Could a similar effort by today’s students, with the support of alumni, revive football at Santa Barbara for a third era? Brad’s example would be an excellent one to follow.

REINVENTING THE WHEEL?

I have been contemplating what it would be like to reestablish football programs in those California universities that once fielded teams. It is impractical to imagine schools like UCSB, Long Beach State, Fullerton, or UC Riverside footing the bill for major NCAA programs. It was tried before and, for various reasons, became unsustainable or faced NCAA rules requiring investments students and administrators were unwilling to support. There are no longer any NAIA football programs in the state, and they also would require large amounts of funding that would probably not be able to be obtained. (since writing this, Simpson College has started an NAIA program.)  

            To me, the solution to returning to football competition, for at least some of the 25 or more colleges that once fielded teams, would be the establishment of club programs. California once provided opportunities for the many high school and community college football players who wanted to continue playing their sport during their college years. Today with more than half the former California programs gone, students either have to pay for expensive tuition at private DIII colleges, go out of state, or make a DI major program in order to continue playing football. The alternative to both prohibitive cost and avoiding NCAA requirements for varsity programs could be club teams.

            Collegiate club sports provide competitive activities for over two million participants nationwide in everything from kiteboarding to ultimate frisbee, to ice hockey, to sailing, to surfing, and just about any sport you might imagine. Many of these activities are now structured with their own national or regional associations. My alma mater, UCSB, lists six women’s club sports, nine men’s sports, and twelve coed sports. Some sports, like soccer, water polo, volleyball, tennis, and baseball, are in addition to NCAA DI varsity teams run by the athletic department. Wrestling was once a varsity sport and was downgraded to club at some point. Major club programs with long histories include rugby, lacrosse, rowing, and ultimate frisbee, all with past histories of competitive successes at UCSB.

            These programs, and similar ones in other colleges, are largely supported by participants’ dues and come under the university’s recreation department rather than the athletic department. No scholarships are offered, and coaches are volunteers, fellow students, or paid by the recreation department and student fees. Some of these fees can be quite high. The club volleyball team at UCSB lists fees of up to $750.

            For whatever reason, there are no collegiate club football teams in California. There were some in the past, but there was no formal structure for competition between clubs. Santa Barbara revived its canceled football program in the 1980s as a club and then moved to compete against DIII and DII programs in the NCAA until the program was compelled to join the other varsity sports at the DI level or be dropped, which was what ultimately happened. It was just too expensive. There were a few other club teams, Loyola, Cal Tech, and UC San Diego, but they no longer exist.

            This is not the case back East. There are at least two organizations that act as umbrella structures for collegiate club football teams. The Intercollegiate Club Football Federation has a Facebook site, but I was unable to get much information about its structure. Wikipedia indicates this organization allows combining students from several colleges that don’t have football to form teams. On the other hand, the National Club Football Association (NCFA) has a website with lots of information, lists of teams, rules, guidelines, forms for eligibility and for sanctioned competition, and All-American Teams, both academic and athletic. They have national playoffs and twenty-two club teams divided into five regional conferences (since writing this, their website now lists 14 teams.). They play not only other college club teams but also NAIA, NCAA, junior college, post-high school prep teams, and semi-pro-type clubs.

            Thinking about how to structure a club football league in California would be like reinventing the wheel when there is already a viable model in the eastern half of the country. I decided to investigate this association and attempt to obtain a phone interview with someone representing the organization.

            I was able to make e-mail contact with Sandy Sanderson, and we scheduled a phone interview. Sandy is the head of CollClub Sports, also known as the National Federation of Collegiate Club Sports, L.L.C. This organization acts very much like the NCAA or NAIA but for club teams.

            Sandy’s history with club sports goes back to his own time as a club baseball player at Penn State. He was not able to make the varsity squad and wanted to continue playing baseball, so in 2000 he helped organize a student-run baseball club. In 2006 he helped establish the National Club Baseball Association. Today the NCBA has over 300 member teams in three divisions, with 7,500 participants. College students can continue playing the game they enjoy with a chance at competing in a national club championship tournament. My own alma mater, UCSB, which also fields a successful DI baseball team, has a club team currently ranked eleventh nationally.

            The success of the baseball association led to a desire to organize women’s softball. In 2006 the National Club Softball Association started with 36 teams. Today there are 120 members.

            The organization became CollClub Sports, adding football in 2010 and basketball in 2013. The National Club Basketball Association started with 26 teams and has grown to 75 members in three divisions nationwide.

            Club football has not spread past the eastern half of the country, whereas the other sports have. The twenty-two existing football clubs are divided into five conferences: Great Lakes, with six teams, the Mid-Atlantic East, with four, the Mid-Atlantic West, with four, the North Atlantic, with five, and South Atlantic with three clubs. The clubs extend from the University of Ft. Lauderdale in the South to the University of Vermont in New England to the University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee in the upper Midwest. (These statistics are in flux as teams fold or join varsity associations.)

            I spoke with Sandy on the phone and asked him questions about the football organization. I noted that on the website, it appeared that some of the teams that competed in the past, such and the University of Maine, no longer had teams. Sandy indicated that the longevity of programs depended on leadership, support from the college’s administration, and the number of students interested in joining the teams.

         The number of teams, he said, has been gradually shrinking. New clubs join, and old clubs die. Football takes a lot of work, there is parental concern over injuries, and programs do not function well when players coach themselves. Getting committed outside coaches can sometimes be difficult. In addition, some recreation departments do not have football-oriented administrators and worry about the behavior of student-athletes and if problems may damage the reputation of their school.

      Some programs that have good leaders function well, then the leaders graduate, or a good volunteer coach moves on to get a paid high school or college job, using his club coaching as a way of building a resume, and the program falters. Students don’t want to join a club with weak leadership or coaches who do not get along with their players. It is an activity for fun with no scholarships, so students will stick with a good club and refuse to join a poorly organized club.

      I asked what most of the coaches were like. They are a mix of volunteers who were former players, fathers of participants, or part-timers seeking to get experience or build a reputation to move into paid coaching positions. Clubs must have faculty advisors, who are volunteers and represent the club to the school, doing damage control duty should any problems arise.

      Sandy said there are lots of students who want to form new clubs that contact him. Between ten to fifteen requests to start teams and join the NCFA come to his office each year. A third give up, as the administration and paperwork getting started can be a chore. It often takes 12-18 months just to get off the ground. Another third is successful in getting organized, but their schools cancel their program due to funding or fears of liability.

      I asked what makes a successful program. Two out of every four teams have solid programs. School backing, a large number of interested players, and good coaches are key to winning programs such as Middle Georgia and Oakland. The NCFA requires a minimum of fifteen participants and a maximum of fifty to qualify for a club’s participation. Sandy indicated those clubs with under twenty players generally don’t do well, whereas the successful programs have larger numbers of participants.

      A couple of programs recently folded. Michigan did not have enough players. Sandy believed it was a lack of leadership that was the cause. It takes student leaders hustling to get recruits, getting the word out to interest new participants, and then having meetings and practices organized enough to keep interest in joining.

      Gulf Coast’s program was suspended due to an overzealous coach. He misrepresented the program in recruiting, making his club team seem like an NCAA-sanctioned program. He was fired, and the program was canceled.

      Funding is important. Football equipment is required and is not cheap. The students generally have to pay about $300 dollars to join the team, which is the major source of revenue for running the program. Most programs are student-led and funded, while some are led by “football guys” in the recreation departments who may also help with funding. The amount of dues not only becomes an important source of revenue for a club but also provides a form of commitment on the part of players. If you are willing to plunk down $300 dollars, you are more likely to stick around the entire season and attend regular practices than if dues were only $20.

      The other organization that supports club football had a link to an example of one club’s recruiting flyer. The school was a community college, and students were required to pay $200 in dues and purchase their own equipment: game pants, white helmets, mouth guards, shoulder, hip, knee, and thigh pads, and cleats. Students had better be pretty committed to shell out the money for all that gear, plus dues.

      Thirty thousand dollars funds a strong program with fifty members paying $300 in dues, collecting eight thousand in fundraisers, and asking for seven thousand from the school. I asked if clubs sought sponsors. Sandy said they provided small money to get a sign up at a game, a hundred dollars donation or so. This was largely charity. Alumni support was “terrible” for football. This may be because most of the schools never had a history of having teams in the past, so alums feel no compunction to donate to programs they don’t identify with. Baseball is much better in this regard when leadership keeps alums engaged, including having alumni vs. club games.

      Sandy sent me a copy of a sample start-up club budget of about fifteen thousand dollars. Over half the money for the first year would go to purchasing equipment, which should be kept for future seasons in cooperation with the institution’s recreation department. There are also dues to the NCFA, which provides liability insurance, game balls, and support online, as well as oversees eligibility and scheduling, maintains a website with results and highlights, and runs the post-season playoffs. There is also transportation to away games, paying local officials and a required trainer to be on hand for injuries, paying for liability insurance, rent for game and practice venues, and cost for hotels.

      The projected income came mostly from 35 club members, each paying $325 in dues, $3,600 from FundRazr, and a few hundred from local business sponsors. The following year, of course, would not require buying new equipment, so the required costs would likely go way down.  CollClub Sports has sponsors offering discounts for Motel Six, Wilson Equipment, and the FundRazr website.

      It is assumed that most colleges already require health insurance for students, so this is not a requirement or extra fee. There would likely be varying costs covered by either the students themselves or their school’s recreation department.

      The venues vary about 50/50 between on-campus fields and or stadiums to renting off-campus stadiums or high school fields for games. This is where the extra liability insurance fee becomes necessary. Some of the clubs are at large universities that also field major football programs and are willing to allow clubs to use some of their facilities. Some schools lack facilities, so off-campus fields or stadiums must be rented. For transportation, student cars can be used or vans rented. Often two fifteen-passenger vans will suffice. Some colleges restrict the distances students can drive their own cars to school-sanctioned events, so vans and drivers become a necessity.

      I asked Sandy about what made for a successful program besides leadership and coaching. He indicated there were five or six clubs with the max number of members at fifty. These programs drew in interest and revenue and generally were the stronger teams. He listed six teams that struggled with half the number of players of the big clubs, ranging from twenty-six on South Carolina’s club to a low of sixteen on Eastern Michigan’s squad. These teams either did poorly in competition or folded. There were strict penalties and fines if teams were unable to meet scheduled games. Each team had to put up a bond, subject to forfeiture if they failed to show up at a scheduled game.

     Whom do these clubs play to round out the season? Sandy said they play within their own conference. For smaller conferences, home and away games with each member. This amounts to four or six games. The larger conferences play one game against each member, alternating who hosts each year. This results in four to five games. To fill a schedule, clubs may compete in non-conference club games, schedule junior colleges, JV teams from NAIA or NCAA colleges, play post-high school prep teams, or semi-pro club teams. When these games are scheduled and reported officially to the NCFA, they count toward ranking the teams and looking at individuals’ performances but not toward the playoffs for the national championship. This is based only on conference results. Because the conferences are based on geographical proximity, travel is often no more than three hours, with eight being the farthest most teams have to travel to away games. This is not the case for playoff venues at neutral sites or for the national championship game.

     The NCFA has eligibility requirements that are similar to what I found for club sports at UCSB. Students need a 2.0 GPA, are enrolled in at least six credits of undergraduate or graduate courses, or in enough credits to graduate at the end of the term. They cannot have used up their four years of college eligibility, which means varsity athletes who are still in school or who have begun grad school are not eligible if they played for four years already. Some athletes may choose club football over being a benchwarmer on a varsity squad after spending numerous hours on the practice field. Club practice requirements are generally much less time-consuming or rigorous compared to varsity programs, sometimes just two to three practices per week and often shorter schedules, allowing students to focus on study or work and more flexibility when exams, labs, or work gets in the way of practice responsibilities, at least to a reasonable extent.

      Sandy sent me three copies of club football constitutions for Eastern Connecticut, Vermont, and Pittsburgh. The Pittsburgh constitution was extremely complex and long, probably drawn up by a poly sci major. Others were more reasonable. The constitutions, modeled after our national constitution to some extent, denoted officers, voting rights, impeachment of officers, practice requirements, selection of coaches, financing, and penalties for various infractions, and began with mission statements.

      Players and coaches would have to follow rules set down not only in their constitutions but also by the university, recreation department, and the NCFA itself. There were provisions in the NCFA for probation for programs that failed to follow association requirements and in hopes of reducing the kinds of problems that college-age students are prone to, especially when not directly under adult supervision. A drunken post-game party, traffic accident, problems with the police, and fights on the field could result in the university canceling a viable program, so clubs and their sponsors are encouraged to follow the rules and represent their institutions in a positive manner. Not an easy task for 18 to 22-year-old students, as history shows.

      Now that Sandy has clarified the many specifics of establishing a football club, what would it take to return my alma mater to the game I so enjoyed in college?

      First, there needs to be other club teams to play. Sandy said the minimum for a conference should be three teams. I think four is a more logical number, as home and away competition would result in a minimum of six games, not an unreasonable season, which could be supplemented with games against non-club teams, that would be willing to play at nearby colleges or non-school clubs.

      Second, the other clubs should be within reasonable commuting distance for away games. Sandy gave the example of a Colorado Springs college that was gung-ho to form a team. He told them that there were no club teams close to them, but they insisted they could still go ahead as an independent club squad. The distances to play other schools were just too far, and they folded. So, for Santa Barbara to attempt to form a club team, at least three more California schools would have to buy into the idea. Schools such as Santa Clara, Fullerton, Long Beach, and Pacific that once fielded strong programs and have had students hoping to return to football, plus football alums who might kick in starter money and support, might be willing to join in such an effort, with the right encouragement and leadership from the schools, alums, and especially interested students. It is not an impossibility.

      When I look back at my college years beginning in 1965, I can think of four sports that were in their infancy as clubs during my time in school. I had at least some interest in three of the four. As a freshman, I was walking by our practice field going from campus to my dorm in the early spring and noticed a bunch of guys practicing some type of sport. I walked over to watch. It was rugby football, a game I had heard of but never seen. Some of the players were from our football team. The coach was a Canadian graduate student known as Filthy Phil, who missed rugby and started up a club while he attended UCSB. I talked to Phil, and he said if I attended the remaining practices, I could play in the “First Annual Santa Barbara Cup” against the town club. I convinced my roommate to join with me, and we got to play in the game at the beginning of Easter Break. I was hooked, and rugby became a passion with me for the rest of my college days, into grad school, and beyond.

      When I moved to the Panama Canal Zone, I missed the game and formed my own club with high school, community college, adults, and military members. Others saw us practicing, and eventually, the Panama Canal Rugby Football Union formed, with its own pitch on an army base, and at least six clubs, and competition against foreign ships and a touring side from the Bahamas. It was so much fun.

        UCSB’s rugby program back when it started was makeshift. We drove our cars to away matches, lined the field ourselves, and had hand-me-down uniforms. Under Rod Sears, a former Stanford QB, our quarterback coach, and a very good rugby player, the club did very well, winning the All-Cal Ten Aside tournament at Davis and the Catalina Rugby Tournament. The club is still going strong as a Division One program under the overall umbrella of USA Rugby. A previous coach even took the Gauchos to a national championship game. He lost his position when he took the club on a tour to Fiji to play rugby, and the islands were hit by a typhoon, scaring helicopter parents who called the university. The university fired this outstanding coach and leader. The program has not done as well since but it is still viable. When I played, our club helped promote other schools to form clubs, such as neighboring Cal Poly and San Luis Obispo, now a strong rugby power. (Since I wrote this, an experienced rugby coach has done wonders rebuilding the program.)

       Today, USA Rugby has 900 teams, including both men and women and 32,000 players. What was once an exotic sport, considered English, now has a solid base in America and a well-functioning national organization, which didn’t exist when I played.

      When we practiced on Fridays before Saturday football games in our stadium, I was fascinated watching the crew team running the stadium steps for what seemed like an eternity. The rowing team was started at UCSB in 1965 and continues for both men and women to be a very successful club, competing against other rowing clubs up and down the coast. When I graduated and was about to enter grad school, I thought perhaps I would try out for the club team. I went to a meeting and also did one practice session on a stationary barge in our lagoon, learning how to feather the oar. As a grad student, I could still be considered a novice rower, as I would have been in my first year of crew. Unfortunately, love and responsibility got in the way. I got married and had to work and do my student teaching, so my opportunity to row went by the board. But, like rugby, a fledgling program became a strong, well-established one to this day.

      When my life continued as a married grad student, I still had the urge to participate in sports. A former roommate, who also played football and rugby, joined me in attending a couple of lacrosse practices. This was in 1969 or 70. A few guys from New York or Ohio who had played lacrosse in high school had started a club. They practiced on an empty lot on a property owned by the university and had their own equipment. No coaches, just students. It looked like a fun sport, similar in many ways to both football and rugby. I wanted to play, but life got in the way. It was a skill game and would take a lot of practice to even reach novice-level ability. My wife and I were walking back to our apartment from campus and ran into several lacrosse club guys who remembered me. They asked me to show up to their match against UCLA, scheduled later in our stadium.

      I showed up, was given a helmet, pads, and stick, and was assigned to the third middies. Remember, I had only attended a couple of practices. I got in for a few minutes and used the netted stick to try to fight for the ball, not having any idea what I was doing. That was my one college experience with lacrosse. When I returned to campus on a nostalgic visit decades later, I was surprised to find that lacrosse was going strong. They even had their own field and clubhouse on campus and sponsored a youth program. Lacrosse barely existed when I was young in California; now, it is played in colleges as club teams and in high schools and youth clubs all over the state. The Men’s Collegiate Lacrosse Association has 200 club members in ten conferences nationally in three divisions. UCSB is in the Southwest Conference and plays in the Western League South. Club lacrosse has come a long way since 1969.

       I joined practices in my forties when a club was started by some military guys near where I lived on a US base in Panama. In a way, I was trying to make up mentally for what I missed out on in my youth. I never mastered the skills necessary, but it was fun trying. This makeshift team went to a tournament in New Orleans associated with Marti Gras, and despite picking up some local help, they got clobbered, but I bet it was fun.

       When I was in school, I used to see groups of hippies throwing frisbees around on our intramural fields. Ultimate frisbee was considered kind of a joke game back then, just for hippies. It looked fun, but not a real sport. Now, it is a major club sport at UCSB, and my school has the most national championships of any university. The infancy of such sports can sometimes lead to viable club programs that now mirror the type of competition one would expect of NCAA or NAIA varsity programs.

      So, with these as models of success and the NCFA as a guide to what needs to be done to establish a league, why not try restarting football in my home state and at my home campus? It will take more research. What do recreational authorities think? Will students be interested? Will football alums help? Can clubs find non-club teams to supplement their schedules? Can good leadership on campus and experienced coaches on the field be found? Why not. If a bunch of out-of-state lacrosse players can start a lacrosse program, hippies experiment with a new sport that involves throwing a spinning plastic disk, or a Canadian grad student can get a viable rugby program going, why not football?

Searching for the Past: or Surfing the Internet for Football History

Most of us know how addicting surfing the Internet can be. You want to look up some obscure fact or person. In the process, you find new links to be curious about. One link leads to another, and then you’re sucked right in. This happens to me all the time, as it may have happened to you. Recently I spent hours trying to find out something about one of our assistant coaches named Anderson. I remembered him from long ago. He has the same name as a head coach I accidentally discovered mentioned online while researching a canceled football program. Was this Head Coach Anderson the same guy that was our defensive backs coach? The time frame seemed correct. But I had no luck confirming this. There are just too many Andersons or Andersens, and some were coaches, but not the one I sought.

      Why was I spending so much time on this and other obscure tasks? Somehow, my disappointment in my alma mater’s administration, having twice canceled its football program and my pipe dream to see the program returned in some fashion immune from another extinction, has caught my attention and imagination over the last few years. Football teams have to have someone to compete with on the same level. If my school were to reconstitute (for a third time) football, there would need to be other schools doing the same. This led me to want to learn about all the twenty-three-plus college football programs that once provided our California youth with an outlet for energy, excitement, school spirit (whatever that is), friendships, and identity. Maybe some of these colleges that once fielded teams could somehow join my alma mater to form a conference on a new basis so interested college students could enjoy the experience of playing the sport I so enjoyed in my youth.

     Over the years, because of NCAA rules, Title IX, and strained budgets, administrations canceled what once were viable, even admirably successful, football programs. The more programs that died, the harder it became for surviving programs to keep going. I began to wonder if there was a way to advocate an alternative system that would allow at least enough programs to resurrect so that my school would have other teams to compete with without breaking the budget or violating rules and laws. Football for its own sake, for the enjoyment of the players and those spectators and alums who care. I certainly would love to be able to follow a Gaucho team fielded by the school that was so much a formative part of my transition from youth to adulthood and football was a huge part of that experience.

     You find the most interesting things surfing the Internet. When searching for “defunct college football programs,” I found a Wikipedia list that included twenty-five lost programs in this state alone. Digging further, I found a post that linked to my school’s seasons. It included all the game scores, conference results, and head coaches’ names associated with my alma mater, UC Santa Barbara, from the first documented season in 1923 through the first cancellation of the Gaucho program in 1971, just two years after I left campus with my teaching credential to begin coaching football myself.

     Santa Barbara’s program actually began in 1921 but the first two seasons for what was then the Santa Barbara Teachers’ College Roadrunners were not documented. This list skipped those eleven seasons of no NCAA sanctioned Gaucho football. Football resumed after two students bravely established a football club, deemed the Dirty Thirty, which lasted from 1983 through 1985. They promoted a student vote to increase fees by a dollar and a half, enough to fund a NCAA Division III squad from 1986 to 1991. The NCAA forced the program to either go Division I, like all the other NCAA sports teams on campus or be cut for a second time, a repeat of what happened two decades before.

     All this was very personal for me. A repeat of the disaster of 1971 occurred when my son was there as a student in 1991. Another vote to significantly raise fees failed and the program entered the trashcan for a second time. The coach that had revived the program, Mike Warren, had been our team captain when I played, a fraternity brother, and a fellow rugby player. When I see him at football reunions and ask him about the second cancellation, he seems not to want to talk about it. He put a lot of effort into building a successful program with little financial help, giving up a job as a successful teacher and coach at a local high school to do so. He recruited heavily without being able to offer scholarships. Division III NCAA programs are not allowed to grant scholarships for athletics, and neither the university nor the students were willing to provide the funds anyway.

      Our campus is beautiful, located on the beach, has an adjacent off campus community, Isla Vista, which is nearly entirely students, and is packed with smart people and lovely coeds. UCSB is ranked as one of the top public universities in the nation. These were the selling points that the coaches used to recruit student-athletes who perhaps didn’t want to commit their time and bodies to big-time programs or go out of state to play. Things were going great until the NCAA lowered the boom, and the program was dropped again.  I’ve asked Mike what he thinks about the chances of starting over with a new program and he just shakes his head.

     I still think exploring the possibility, not just for my school, but for those others that once fielded teams, is worth at least exploring. I may be unrealistic, but it is fun to imagine the possibilities and to discover the histories and reasons for the death of so many programs.

     I found that all except for two of the defunct programs listed on the Internet and all of the extant programs at one time or another played by my alma mater. The only two teams not to have faced my Gauchos (once called Roadrunners prior to the 1930s) were the Cal State Fullerton Titans, whose program began in 1970 when UCSB was trying to go big time, and the UC San Diego Tritons. The Titan program was canceled, citing budget deficits, in 1992 after going big time itself, while Santa Barbara was just rebuilding as a club and then a D III program. UC San Diego never played the Gauchos because their Triton team began the 1968 season as a club and failed to last beyond that one try.

     This is also personal for me. I went to high school a few miles from the UCSD campus and we used to start bike rides on the old marine base, Camp Roberts, where the campus now resides. When I was in high school, I sometimes went to the new UCSD library to study on the recently constructed campus. My favorite pro team in the past, the Chargers (now, sadly, they moved back to LA), once used the UCSD facilities for their training camp.

      My head coach at Santa Barbara, Cactus Jack Curtice (we called him The Plant), brought me into his office one afternoon to meet the man who was to become the founding head football coach at UCSD. At the time, I was still a very naïve young man, far from completing my education, and thought my coach was just being nice about introducing me to a fellow San Diegan. I now wonder if he perhaps thought that I might someday want to work for this new coach. Cactus Jack was great at helping his players get set up in football jobs after graduation. If this was his intention, I was clueless in that regard, and there wouldn’t have been the opportunity had I been interested anyway, as the program died after that first season.

     An entertaining fact is that the famously unsuccessful Cal Tech Beavers, the butt of many jokes, who in modern times hadn’t won many games, defeated the poor Tritons 34-31 after three winless seasons for the hapless Beavers. This humiliation helped end the fledgling Triton program. One of the jokes about the Cal Tech players was that their IQs exceeded their players’ body weight. First down cheers were “Punt, punt, punt.” I have to say, though, in the Beaver’s defense, in the distant past they had strong teams, even competing with the big boys. USC is listed as being defeated by the Beavers 22-0 in 1896. The Tech boys even competed against Stanford, UCLA, the University of Arizona, and Arizona State in the twenties and thirties. Most of the time, this did not end well. When UCLA was known as The Southern Branch of the University of California, SBUC, they began their legendary program in 1919 on an ad hoc basis. The next five seasons, the Beavers beat what was to become the UCLA Bruins, often by substantial margins, until 1925, when they tied, 10-10. SBUC (UCLA) lost again to the Beavers the following year 7-3.  After that, Cal Tech played UCLA five more times and began to lose by increasingly higher scores, unable to score themselves until 1933, when they lost 51-0, and the series ended. The Beavers did resume playing the Bruins during the last two years of WWII when many sports programs remained canceled, but it was the UCLA JV squad, and the Beavers won both games.

       The Tech boys played my school’s team nine times, winning four contests, including a 31-0 trouncing of the Roadrunners (Gauchos) in 1931. UC Riverside played the Beavers twelve times, the Beavers winning three contests. The Highlanders program was relatively new in 1957 and lost to the Beavers 41-7 and 26-7 the following season. By 1960, UCR became too strong for the Beavers and consistently won, except for a 14-0 Beaver win in 1963. The last three contests Cal Tech played UCR were against Frosh or JV Highlander teams as the Riverside program continued to gain strength.

      An interesting tidbit I discovered looking over the Cal Tech season scores connects to a controversial aspect of US treatment of its Native American population. Cal Tech played the Sherman Indians five times between 1916 and 1923. Weirdly, the Beavers won in 1919 by a score of 4-0. Two safeties? The Sherman Indian School was part of the Bureau of Indian Affairs’ program of removing Native Americans from their families and educating them in boarding schools in an attempt to erase Indian culture and replace it with “American” culture. Sherman, the first such school in California, began in 1892 as a training institute for Indian children in grades five through twelve, with the emphasis on agriculture and domestic education. It still exists today as a high school, boarding children from federally recognized Indian tribes. Jim Thorpe was a product of a similar school in Pennsylvania, Carlisle, coached by Pop Warner, one of football’s most successful coaches, who later went on to coach the Stanford Indians (now the Cardinals, thanks to a spasm of PC revisionism a few years ago). 

       I digress, but I find this information really fun. Programs die and sometimes revive; new programs emerge, and they improve or diminish. It is the way of college sports. It is sad, at least to me, when they remain forever gone.

      Besides researching this history on the Internet, I discovered that access to student newspapers and local sports coverage through papers like the LA Times, when available online, is another source of great information about the glory days of extinct gridiron programs and about their deaths. In addition, while researching a school that I didn’t know anything about, I was able to contact their library. A librarian named Summer sent me copies of news articles, yearbook pictures, and even digital links to archived game films from the glory years of the then-tiny Southern California Bible College. This was football history that I had never heard of, and this little school also played against UCSB.

      The history of this now defunct football team I found unique. Reading what Summer had sent me, I learned of several other small Christian schools that once fielded tackle football teams. I also learned name changes for both schools and school mascots are not rare, making it difficult to research their history at times.

      Southern California Bible College eventually became Southern California Christian College and now is known as Vanguard University, actually renamed after their football mascot of the 1950’s when they were a power in the Southern California Christian College Conference. Football competition for the bible students began in 1951 with competition against six other small Christian schools in six-man flag football. In 1957, five of these programs converted to six-man tackle football. SCBC, then known as the Deacons, dominated their first five games, averaging 63 points a game, claiming to be the highest-scoring team in the nation. They lost to a club team known as the Young Russian Christians but came back in a playoff game to beat them and take what was known as the S4C football conference.

      Their head coach was a young man who had played junior college football before entering SCBC to study for the ministry. His name was Billy Severn, and he not only coached the squad but also played QB and was their MVP. The next year, the conference decided to play nine-man football. Now known as the Vanguards, the team dominated opponents and went undefeated. Summer sent digital copies of game film showing highlights of that successful season, most of which featured number forty at QB or linebacker, their player-coach Severn.         Severn, having taken the Vanguards from successes in six-man and nine-man football, decided to go independent and move to an eleven-man squad. He wrote to all the colleges in Southern California, seeking competition. Most of his new opponents were frosh or JV teams from the bigger schools, and a few of the small colleges in the LA area. It must have been a surprise when UCSB, a school back then of 3000 that had beaten the likes of San Diego State and some of the other state colleges the previous year, accepted SCBC’s challenge. SCBC, at the time, had just over 200 students. The outcome was pretty gruesome. The Vanguards were trounced 83-6. They continued to field eleven-man teams for a couple more seasons but eventually determined big-time football was not for them as a tiny college, and the program was dropped. Those brief glory years are still remembered, and the college changed its name to Vanguard, certainly as a result of the notoriety that resulted from those brief years of glory under the leadership of Billy Severn.

      I discovered some schools that sponsored tackle football while researching the Vanguard’s yearbooks, thanks to librarian Summer. Some of these tiny Christian schools still exist, and some have been combined into larger schools. Pacific and Azusa became Azusa-Pacific (I got a masters there during my first two years teaching and coaching at Arcadia High School nearby).

     I was curious about LIFE College. After some research online, of course, I discovered that it still exists as Life Pacific College, located now in San Dimas after relocating from Echo Park. Yes, they once had a football program and played the Vanguards and still have a small sports program, but no football. What I found unique about this little-known college is that it was founded by the infamous evangelical, anti-evolution, revivalist Aimee Semple McPherson in 1923. She is most remembered for the controversy over what some concluded was a fake kidnapping to hide her affair with one of her employees. This was big news in the 1930’s tabloids. I would never have connected this little school and its football team to this famous footnote in Los Angeles history if it were not for a session of Internet surfing.  I found another little bible school that once had football called Upland College. It doesn’t exist anymore but once had a respectable reputation as a small college sports program.

     Some of the programs coming out of this era of small schools have evolved into larger liberal arts colleges, not necessarily sponsored by religious institutions. Chapman University in Orange County was once known as the California Christian College when it played against other tiny bible colleges. They still field viable D III football teams and compete against six other D III colleges in the LA area, the only ones left in the state, after Menlo canceled their program in 2015. Menlo was the lone Northern California D III at the time. Azusa-Pacific was the last D II football program left in the state after the demise of Humboldt State in 2018. They had to play D III teams or D I teams and go out of state for their conference play. Now, they no longer have a team.

      If only the NCAA had not forced my school to drop its football program. Well, let’s see what other schools might rebuild a club-style program and what it might look like.

     Since I wrote this, a new NAIA team was founded at Simpson College in Redlands, and an equivalent DII team at Lincoln University in Oakland. Occidental and Azusa-Pacific dropped their teams during COVID, and so did Whittier College. Recently, supporters of Whittier Poet Football have raised funds, and in 2025, they are planning to reinstate their long-standing program.

 

Pipe Dreaming

If I could wave a magic wand and bring back football to the 25-plus colleges in California that once sponsored teams, I would structure the competition as follows.

        Ten of the 25 former football colleges are located in Northern California. They could be divided into two conferences: the Northern Conference and the Bay Conference. The Northern Conference would include Humboldt State Lumberjacks, Chico State Wildcats, University of Pacific Powercats, Sonoma State Seawolves, and St. Mary’s Gaels. The Bay Conference would include the University of San Francisco Dons, San Francisco State Gators, Menlo College Oaks, Santa Clara Broncos, and Cal State East Bay Pioneers. The colleges could play each member of their conference, and the top teams from each conference could play off for the NorCal Club Football Championship. Additional non-conference games could be played against teams from the other NorCal conference or from clubs in Southern California. These conferences were chosen on the basis of geography so that travel distances are reasonable, though the size of schools in the same conferences varies.

       There are fifteen former football colleges in Southern California that could be split, based on geography, into three five-team conferences. The North Conference could include UCSB Gauchos, Pepperdine Waves, Occidental Lions, CSU Northridge Matadors, and Cal Tech Beavers. The Central Conference could include CSU Los Angeles Golden Eagles, Azusa-Pacific Cougars, Cal Poly Pomona Broncos, UC Riverside Highlanders, and Cal Baptist Lancers. The Southern Conference could be Long Beach State Sharks, the Loyola-Marymount Lions, UCSD Tritons, CSU Fullerton Titans, and Vanguard University Lions. Again, each team would play each member of their conference with the conference champs and the strongest runner-up playing each other for the SoCal Championship. The NorCal Champ and the SoCal could then play for the State Club Football Championship. Again, the season could be rounded out by playing teams from both the other SoCal conference and teams from Northern California.

        Because the populations of the schools in each conference vary from under eight hundred students in the case of Menlo College to over 34,000 at Fullerton, it would be a good idea to also have divisional playoffs based on population rather than geographic convenience for travel. With 25 schools competing, there could be four divisions. DI would include the very largest universities in population with student bodies between 23,000 and 36,000 students: Fullerton, Northridge, Long Beach, Cal Poly Pomona, UCSD, and San Francisco State. DII would be schools with 11,000 to 23,000 students: UCSB, CSU LA, UC Riverside, Chico, East Bay, and Cal Baptist. DIII would be those colleges with between five and seven thousand students: Sonoma, University of San Francisco, Loyola-Marymount, Santa Clara, Humboldt, and Azusa-Pacific. DIV would be for the smallest colleges, ranging from 3,500 to under eight hundred students: University of Pacific, Pepperdine, St. Mary’s, Vanguard, Cal Tech, Occidental, and Menlo. A system to determine the top two in each division with a possible playoff to determine the state divisional champ could be established based on comparative records and head-to-head competition.

        Besides these two types of conference and divisional standings, to make things interesting, championships in the following categories could also be determined: best of the three UCs: UCR, UCSB, and UCSD; best of the two smallest colleges, with under a thousand undergrads, Cal Tech and Menlo; best of the NorCal CSU teams, Humboldt, Chico, San Francisco, Sonoma, and East Bay; best of the SoCal CSU teams, Northridge, LA, Long Beach, Fullerton, and Cal Poly Pomona; best of the private and religious universities, Cal Baptist, Azusa-Pacific, Vanguard, University of Pacific, Occidental, and Pepperdine; and best of the Catholic universities, USF, St. Mary’s, Santa Clara, and Loyola-Marymount.

         With four divisions, two regional champs, four local conferences, a state champ, and six champs based on the above categories, teams could brag that at least they earned one of the possible seventeen titles.

         Besides the above titles, there could be designated rivalries based on the type of school and or proximity. The following rivalries with suggested trophies might make these games more interesting: Chico v. Humboldt for the North Coast v. Valley game and the Redwood Trophy; St. Mary’s v. Sonoma for the North Bay game and Wine Bottle Trophy, USF v. SF State for the San Francisco Game and Cable Car Trophy, Menlo v. Cal Tech for the Small College Game and Beaver/Oak Tree Trophy; Santa Clara v. East Bay for the South Bay Game and Golden Computer Trophy, UOP v. Pepperdine for the Valley Coast Game and the Big P Trophy. UCSB v. UCSD for the UC Coastal Game and the Surfboard Trophy; Long Beach v. Cal Poly Pomona for the Beach v. Valley Game and the Freeway Trophy; Riverside v. Cal Baptist for the Riverside City Game and Big R Trophy, Vanguard v. Fullerton for the Orange County Game and the Golden Orange Trophy, Northridge v. CSU LA for the LA City Game and the Hollywood Sign Trophy; Azusa-Pacific v. Loyola-Marymount for the Coast v. Valley Big Cats Game and the Cougar/Lion Trophy. These trophies could be exchanged each year based on who wins these games, like the axe for the Big Game between Cal and Stanford or the Bronze Shoe that was exchanged between my high school, La Jolla, and our rival school, Point Loma. Fresno State v. San Diego State has an oil can trophy, and USC v. Notre Dame plays for the jeweled shillelagh.

        Besides the 25 colleges that used to support football teams and could support club teams there are another eleven public universities that have never had football. Perhaps they might consider joining a club football association. These are the public universities that never had football but compete in a variety of other sports: UC Merced, Cal Maritime, CSU Stanislaus, CSU Monterey Bay, CSU Channel Islands, CSU Bakersfield, UC Santa Cruz, CSU San Bernadino, CSU Dominguez Hills, CSU San Marcos, and UC Irvine. There are also a variety of private colleges and universities that sponsor athletic programs that are large enough to support club football. Schools with existing NCAA football programs might also offer club football for those at their universities who just want to play for the fun of it and not be put under the stress of playing big-time, scholarship football.

         Of course, these are just my pipe dreams, but who knows? In reality it would take at least four schools to establish viable club programs, such as now exist in such sports as crew, rugby, baseball, volleyball, and lacrosse. This could be the beginning of a building program that might well grow to encompass a large number of California’s colleges and universities, as it has for other club sports.

         A four-team league could have a Jamboree where each team plays a quarter against each of the other teams to kick off the season. Then, a home-and-home round of six games, followed by a two-game playoff for the state championship. It might even be possible to schedule a playoff game with the club champions from the existing club football association back East.

         As the club teams expand, the state conferences could be realigned and schedules expanded. It’s all fun to contemplate.

California Baptist Football

I struggled to find information about football at Cal Baptist of Riverside. I knew they once had a team in the 1950s because UC Riverside had records of playing them when its program was first getting started. I found a gold mine in

https://college-football-results.com/f/calbaptt.htm#google_vignette from an amazing website that has statistics on football programs at many levels and records of existing programs going back decades. Because Cal Baptist does not currently have a football team, I couldn’t look them up directly, nor could I find them by looking up Riverside’s program because it also no longer has football. I stumbled on Cal Baptist while looking at some of the DIII team’s results in California. By accident, I found Cal Baptist. I clicked on their name and got their results.

              According to the website, they played two games in 1953. Chino Institute, which is a state prison, and Cal Poly Pomona, which was just starting its football program and had a different name at the time. Cal Baptist lost both games by substantial scores.

              In 1954, they lost again to Cal Poly Pomona, 33-0, but beat the 29 Palms Marines 6-0. This was their best season. The next year, they played four games, losing them all, adding Long Beach, La Verne, and Riverside to their brief schedule. In 1956, they played five games, winning one against Cal Western, 26-8. The rest of the games against Cal Tech, La Verne, Riverside, and Cal Poly Pomona were blowout losses. Cal Tech beat them 65-0. They scored 20 points against La Verne, but La Verne scored 58. I guess there wasn’t much defense going on for either team. They only played Riverside in 1957, losing 31-0.

              There was no team from 1958 until 1961 when they lost in a single contest to Los Angeles Pacific College by a score of 35-6. LA Pacific later merged with Azusa to become Azusa-Pacific University. No more football records exist after 1961.

Of the six seasons they had at least one game, they played a total of 15 contests, winning two for a record of 2-13. Not impressive, but today, they are a much larger institution, play at the DI level in those sports they field, and could certainly field a club football team if students decided they want one. Then perhaps the mediocre history of their football team back in the 1950s could be redeemed with a more successful program as a club.